{"id":53,"date":"2026-04-04T04:53:10","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T08:53:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/essaywriting\/back-matter\/appendix-4-apa-format-for-reference-list-and-in-text-citations\/"},"modified":"2026-05-16T19:27:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T23:27:11","slug":"appendix-4-apa-format-for-reference-list-and-in-text-citations","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/academicwriting_1\/back-matter\/appendix-4-apa-format-for-reference-list-and-in-text-citations\/","title":{"raw":"Appendix 4: APA Format for Reference List and In-Text Citations","rendered":"Appendix 4: APA Format for Reference List and In-Text Citations"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n\r\nBelow are some examples using the American Psychological Association (APA) format.\r\n\r\n1.Book<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n

In-text<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In his book describing brain plasticity, Doidge (2007, pp. 25-26) explains that \u201cPaul Bach-y-Rita\u2019s importance lies in his being the first of his generation of neuroscientists both to understand that the brain is plastic and to apply this knowledge in a practical way.\u201d His work proved that the human brain is incredibly adaptable.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Reference list<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Doidge, N. (2007). The<\/em> brain<\/em> that<\/em> changes<\/em> itself.<\/em> Penguin.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n2. Website Article (author, date)<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n

In-text<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In 1998, a study published in the Lancet Journal claimed a link between the M. M. R. vaccine and autism in children. Although that study was soon discredited and withdrawn, many people continue to believe it (Hoffman, 2019).<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u00a0 Reference list<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Hoffman, J. (2019, September 23). How anti-vaccine senti ments too hold in the United States. The New York<\/em> Times.<\/em> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/09\/23\/health\/anti-<\/a>vaccination-movement-us.html<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n3. Website Article (no author, no date)<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n

In-text<\/span><\/p>\r\n

To promote the sale of electric cars, some auto manufacturers like Toyota are currently offering free charging at certain stations (\u201cFinding,\u201d n.d.).<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Reference list<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Finding a station has never been easier. (n.d.). Plaza<\/em> Toyota. <\/em>https:\/\/www.plazatoyota.com\/electrified-vehicles.htm<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n4.\u00a0 Non-English Newspaper Article<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n

In-text<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Kyoto University has reversed its decision to terminate its free public site Open Courseware (OCW) (Kimura, 2023).<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Reference list<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Kimura, Y. (2023, January 30). Kyoto daigaku no muryokogidogasaito \u201cOCW\u201d iji e Edekkusu kara wa tettai [Kyoto University will withdraw its free video lecture site \u201cOCW\u201d from edX]. Asahi Shimbun<\/em>. https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/articles\/ASR1Y75JLR1KPLZB011.html<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n5.\u00a0 Non-English Website Article<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n

In-text<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A 2003 report released by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare summarizes results of a national survey on weight management, stress, and diet.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Reference list<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. (2003). Heisei<\/em> 14-nen<\/em> kokumin<\/em> eiyo<\/em> chosa<\/em> kekka<\/em> no<\/em> gaiyo<\/em> ni<\/em> tsuite <\/em>[Overview of the results of the 2002 National Nutrition Survey]. https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/houdou\/2003\/12\/h1224-4.html<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n6. Academic Journal Article<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n

In-text<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1-2<\/em> authors<\/em><\/p>\r\n

Gordon and Reich (2021) claim ... (Gordon & Reich, 2021)<\/p>\r\n

3<\/em> or<\/em> more<\/em> authors<\/em><\/p>\r\n

Yamamoto et al. (2019) argue that ... (Yamamoto et al., 2019)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Reference list<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Gordon, A., & Reich, M. R. (2021). The puzzle of vaccine hesitancy in Japan. The Journal of Japanese Studies,<\/em> 47<\/em>(2), 411-436. https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/799776<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Yamamoto, C., Kashiwagi, N., Otsuka, M., Sakai, M., & Tomonaga, M. (2019). Cooperation in bottlenose dolphins: Bidirectional coordination in a rope-pulling task. PeerJ<\/em> 7:e7826. https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/7826\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\"image\" For more information, see https:\/\/purdueglobalwriting.center\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/apa-common-citations-and-references-4.pdf<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
\n

Below are some examples using the American Psychological Association (APA) format.<\/p>\n

1.Book<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

In-text<\/span><\/p>\n

In his book describing brain plasticity, Doidge (2007, pp. 25-26) explains that \u201cPaul Bach-y-Rita\u2019s importance lies in his being the first of his generation of neuroscientists both to understand that the brain is plastic and to apply this knowledge in a practical way.\u201d His work proved that the human brain is incredibly adaptable.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Reference list<\/span><\/p>\n

Doidge, N. (2007). The<\/em> brain<\/em> that<\/em> changes<\/em> itself.<\/em> Penguin.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2. Website Article (author, date)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

In-text<\/span><\/p>\n

In 1998, a study published in the Lancet Journal claimed a link between the M. M. R. vaccine and autism in children. Although that study was soon discredited and withdrawn, many people continue to believe it (Hoffman, 2019).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0 Reference list<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Hoffman, J. (2019, September 23). How anti-vaccine senti ments too hold in the United States. The New York<\/em> Times.<\/em> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/09\/23\/health\/anti-<\/a>vaccination-movement-us.html<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3. Website Article (no author, no date)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

In-text<\/span><\/p>\n

To promote the sale of electric cars, some auto manufacturers like Toyota are currently offering free charging at certain stations (\u201cFinding,\u201d n.d.).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Reference list<\/span><\/p>\n

Finding a station has never been easier. (n.d.). Plaza<\/em> Toyota. <\/em>https:\/\/www.plazatoyota.com\/electrified-vehicles.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

4.\u00a0 Non-English Newspaper Article<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

In-text<\/span><\/p>\n

Kyoto University has reversed its decision to terminate its free public site Open Courseware (OCW) (Kimura, 2023).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Reference list<\/span><\/p>\n

Kimura, Y. (2023, January 30). Kyoto daigaku no muryokogidogasaito \u201cOCW\u201d iji e Edekkusu kara wa tettai [Kyoto University will withdraw its free video lecture site \u201cOCW\u201d from edX]. Asahi Shimbun<\/em>. https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/articles\/ASR1Y75JLR1KPLZB011.html<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

5.\u00a0 Non-English Website Article<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

In-text<\/span><\/p>\n

A 2003 report released by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare summarizes results of a national survey on weight management, stress, and diet.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Reference list<\/span><\/p>\n

Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. (2003). Heisei<\/em> 14-nen<\/em> kokumin<\/em> eiyo<\/em> chosa<\/em> kekka<\/em> no<\/em> gaiyo<\/em> ni<\/em> tsuite <\/em>[Overview of the results of the 2002 National Nutrition Survey]. https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/houdou\/2003\/12\/h1224-4.html<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

6. Academic Journal Article<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

In-text<\/span><\/p>\n

1-2<\/em> authors<\/em><\/p>\n

Gordon and Reich (2021) claim … (Gordon & Reich, 2021)<\/p>\n

3<\/em> or<\/em> more<\/em> authors<\/em><\/p>\n

Yamamoto et al. (2019) argue that … (Yamamoto et al., 2019)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Reference list<\/span><\/p>\n

Gordon, A., & Reich, M. R. (2021). The puzzle of vaccine hesitancy in Japan. The Journal of Japanese Studies,<\/em> 47<\/em>(2), 411-436. https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/799776<\/a><\/p>\n

Yamamoto, C., Kashiwagi, N., Otsuka, M., Sakai, M., & Tomonaga, M. (2019). Cooperation in bottlenose dolphins: Bidirectional coordination in a rope-pulling task. PeerJ<\/em> 7:e7826. https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/7826\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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