{"id":107,"date":"2014-09-23T11:28:38","date_gmt":"2014-09-23T11:28:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/chapter\/4-5-the-nurturing-and-social-reform-models-of-teaching\/"},"modified":"2023-05-11T10:51:12","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T10:51:12","slug":"4-5-the-nurturing-and-social-reform-models-of-teaching","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/chapter\/4-5-the-nurturing-and-social-reform-models-of-teaching\/","title":{"raw":"3.7 \u6559\u80b2\u306e\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff1a\u611f\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b66\u3076","rendered":"3.7 \u6559\u80b2\u306e\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff1a\u611f\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b66\u3076"},"content":{"raw":"\u3053\u306e\u7bc0\u3067\u306f\u3001Pratt \u304c\u8a00\u53ca\u3059\u308b\u6b8b\u308a\uff12\u3064\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u990a\u80b2\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<h1>3.7.1\u00a0<span lang=\"JA\">\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u8996\u70b9<\/span><\/h1>\n\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u89aa\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u304b\u3089\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u308b\u306e\u304c\u6700\u9069\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002Pratt (1998) \u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<blockquote>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u300c\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u89aa\u304c\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u5171\u611f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u671f\u5f85\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u306b\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5fc3\u306e\u3053\u3082\u3063\u305f\u601d\u3044\u3084\u308a\u3068\u611b\u60c5\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6307\u5c0e\u3092\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u306f\u3001\u89aa\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u6587\u8108\u3067\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u5e74\u9f62\u5c64\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u305d\u306e\u6839\u5e95\u306b\u3042\u308b\u7279\u6027\u3084\u95a2\u5fc3\u4e8b\u306f\u89aa\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6559\u308f\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3069\u308c\u304f\u3089\u3044\u8eab\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u304b\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u52b9\u529b\u611f\u3084\u81ea\u5c0a\u5fc3\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u554f\u984c\u3053\u305d\u304c\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u6210\u529f\u3092\u6e2c\u308b\u7a76\u6975\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/blockquote>\n\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u8208\u5473\u95a2\u5fc3\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u5b66\u3076\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u91cd\u8981\u8996\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6642\u306e\u767a\u8a00\u3084\u8003\u3048\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u6ce8\u610f\u6df1\u304f\u8033\u3092\u50be\u3051\u3001\u300c\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u5171\u611f\u7684\u627f\u8a8d\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5e7c\u3044\u6642\u304b\u3089\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u306b\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u5bdf\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u6301\u3064\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u50be\u5411\u300d\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5968\u52b1\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u610f\u6b32\u306e\u5206\u6790\u304b\u3089\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u8ab2\u984c\u3078\u3068\u5c0e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5927\u5207\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-large-line.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"26\"><\/a><\/h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_105\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"456\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/03\/Empire-State-mentor-2.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-106\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Empire-State-mentor-2.jpg\" alt=\"\u56f33.7.1 \u30a8\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30a2\u30fb\u30b9\u30c6\u30a4\u30c8\u30fb\u30ab\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\" width=\"456\" height=\"299\"><\/a> \u56f33.7.1 \u30a8\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30a2\u30fb\u30b9\u30c6\u30a4\u30c8\u30fb\u30ab\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b[\/caption]\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-2.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"13\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30a2\u30fb\u30b9\u30c6\u30a4\u30c8\u30fb\u30ab\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8\u3067\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esc.edu\/media\/academic-affairs\/academic-support\/ort-handbook-h834h\/Online_Orientation_Handbook.pdf\">\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30e1\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u5236<\/a>\u00a0\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u672c\u7bc0\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u7d30\u304b\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u307e\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<h1>3.7.2 \u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u306e\u8996\u70b9<\/h1>\nPratt (1998, p.173) \u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<blockquote>\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u793e\u4f1a\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u95a2\u5fc3\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u304c\u884c\u3046\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u305d\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306e\u72ec\u81ea\u6027\u306f\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u7406\u60f3\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306b\u7e4b\u304c\u308b\u8af8\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6559\u54e1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u6559\u3048\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3002\uff08\u4e2d\u7565\uff09\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u306f\u3001\u5168\u3066\u500b\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u4e0a\u306e\u7406\u60f3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/blockquote>\n\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u306f\u5909\u5316\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u8005\u306f\u3053\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6349\u3048\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u7acb\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\n<h2>3.7.3 \u6b74\u53f2\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u9023<\/h2>\n\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u306b\u3082\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u306b\u3082\u3001\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u9577\u3044\u6b74\u53f2\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li>Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1762) : \u300c\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306b\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3064\u304d\u5099\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u767a\u898b\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u6210\u9577\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u3068\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u9650\u308a\u6b69\u8abf\u3092\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)<\/li>\n \t<li>Malcolm Knowles (1984) : \u300c\u4eba\u306f\u6210\u9577\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u50cf\u304c\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u306a\u4eba\u683c\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u9593\u304b\u3089\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4eba\u9593\u3078\u3068\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002\u300d<\/li>\n \t<li>Paulo Freire (2004) : \u300c\u6559\u80b2\u304c\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u304f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u3001\u4f5c\u308a\u76f4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3078\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d<\/li>\n \t<li>Ivan Illich (1971) \uff08\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3066\uff09:\u300c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6559\u80b2\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u63a2\u3057\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3055\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9593\u9055\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u306b\u5168\u304f\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u500b\u3005\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u6c42\u3081\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u66ae\u3089\u3057\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u4e00\u77ac\u4e00\u77ac\u304c\u3001\u5b66\u3073\u5408\u3044\u3001\u5b66\u3073\u3092\u5171\u6709\u3057\u5408\u3044\u3001\u4e16\u8a71\u3057\u5408\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u30fb\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u307f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4eee\u5b9a\u3092\u6620\u3057\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3001Illich \u306f\u65e9\u304f\u30821971\u5e74\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u5148\u9032\u7684\u306a\u6280\u8853\u306b\u3088\u308b\u300c\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u7db2\u300d\u306e\u5229\u7528\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3001\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u767a\u8a00\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<blockquote>\u4ef2\u9593\u540c\u58eb\u3092\u7e4b\u3052\u308b\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u50cd\u304d\u306f\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8005\u306f\u540d\u524d\u3068\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3067\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u4ef2\u9593\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u9001\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5358\u7d14\u3067\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u307e\u3067\u4e16\u9593\u4e00\u822c\u3067\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/blockquote>\n\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u306f\u4eca\u65e5\u3001\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u60c5\u5831\u3084\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3092\u7d4c\u7531\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u591a\u304f\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3084\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u5165\u624b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002MOOC \u306f\u5171\u901a\u306e\u8208\u5473\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5f79\u306b\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308b MOOC \u306f\u3001\u5171\u901a\u306e\u8208\u5473\u95a2\u5fc3\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3084\u3001\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u6280\u8853\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u3084\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\n<h1>3.7.4 <span lang=\"JA\">\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u5f79\u5272<\/span><\/h1>\n<span lang=\"JA\">\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5168\u3066\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001<\/span><span lang=\"JA\">\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u4e8c\u3092\u4e89\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u697d\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u5b66\u3076\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4f3c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8208\u5473\u3084\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u306b\u9762\u5012\u3092\u898b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u500b\u3005\u4eba\u306f\u81ea\u3089\u304c\u5b66\u3073\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3001\u3057\u304b\u3082\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6700\u5f8c\u307e\u3067\u3084\u308a\u629c\u304f\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><span lang=\"JA\">\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306f\u629c\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5909\u9769\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3082\u8a00\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u516c\u6559\u80b2\u3084\u79c1\u6559\u80b2\u304c\u3082\u3064\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u3001\u652f\u914d\u7684\u5074\u9762\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8131\u5374\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span>\n\n\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u6210\u529f\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u679c\u305f\u3059\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u898b\u89e3\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002Pratt \u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u80b2\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002Illich \u3084 Freire \u306a\u3069\u306f\u3001\u8077\u696d\u7684\u306b\u8a13\u7df4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u500b\u3005\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u50cd\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30dc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3084\u3001\u3042\u308b\u7406\u60f3\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u7d44\u7e54\u3055\u308c\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u96c6\u56e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<h1>3.7.5 \u00a0\uff12<span lang=\"JA\">\u3064\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u9577\u6240\u3068\u77ed\u6240<\/span><\/h1>\n\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u306f\u5f53\u7136\u306a\u304c\u3089\u77ed\u6240\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li>\n<div>\n\n\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u3067\u7121\u79c1\u306a\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3084\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u6700\u512a\u5148\u3057\u306a\u304f\u3066\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u6559\u80b2\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u4f1d\u9054\u3057\u305f\u308a\u5171\u6709\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u300c\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u7528\u610f\u3067\u304d\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u300d\uff08\u30ec\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u30b9\uff09\u306b\u306a\u308b\u307e\u3067\u63a7\u3048\u3066\u304a\u304b\u306a\u304f\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u591a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u3084\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3082\u306a\u308a\u304b\u306d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n \t<li>Pratt \u306f\u300c\u6559\u80b2\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3057\u308d\u306b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u306a\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u306b\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ea\u30ad\u30e5\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c7a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u3067\u6559\u308f\u308b\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u3068\u3001\u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u901f\u3055\u3067\u305d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3053\u308c\u306f Pratt \u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304d\u305f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u9a13\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u8a3c\u7684\u306a\u8a3c\u62e0\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u3001\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u306e\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5f37\u3044\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f53\u7cfb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9032\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3001\u4fdd\u8b77\u8005\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u5171\u6709\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u306f\u9650\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u5168\u3066\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u6700\u3082\u52b4\u529b\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3084\u305d\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u6df1\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u6271\u3044\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3078\u306e\u30ec\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u30b9\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u304a\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u652f\u3048\u3042\u3046\u74b0\u5883\u3084\u5834\u9762\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u304b\u306a\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3092\u5272\u304b\u306a\u304f\u3066\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u9f5f\u9f6c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5341\u5206\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u307e\u3059\u3002\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u306a\u6559\u54e1\u306a\u3089\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9f5f\u9f6c\u3092\u4e57\u308a\u8d8a\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u4fc3\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u6307\u5c0e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u3068\u4f3c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8003\u3048\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4ed6\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u306e\u8a71\u306b\u7d42\u59cb\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u5148\u306b\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u5b66\u554f\u3092\u6559\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f01\u8ad6\u8853\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u9055\u3063\u305f\u898b\u65b9\u3067\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u3082\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><span lang=\"JA\">\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u4f3c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u306b<\/span><span lang=\"JA\">\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u3067\u5916\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3064\u3051\u306a\u3044\u300c\u5185\u8f2a\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72ec\u65ad\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u306b<\/span><span lang=\"JA\">\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u9665\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span lang=\"JA\">\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3048\u3001<\/span><span lang=\"JA\">\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3082\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3082\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5074\u9762\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span lang=\"JA\">\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3082\u3001\u7279\u306b\u6210\u4eba\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3046\u307e\u304f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u5e7c\u3044\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306b\u3082\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span lang=\"JA\">\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f Google \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4f01\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30eb\u306a\u7814\u4fee\u3067\u3082\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001<\/span>Tang, 2012\u00a0<span lang=\"JA\">\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\">\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306b\u3088\u308b MOOCs \u306f\u3001\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u306a\u624b\u6cd5\u3068\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u7684\u306a\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f37\u304f\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u52b9\u529b\u611f\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u306e\u9054\u6210\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span lang=\"JA\">\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u65e2\u306b\u5341\u5206\u306b\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5341\u5206\u306a\u4e88\u5099\u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u6982\u5ff5\u767a\u9054\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span lang=\"JA\">\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3084\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u5b98\u50da\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3088\u308a\u3082\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u91cd\u70b9\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u601d\u8003\u3068\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u652f\u914d\u304b\u3089\u89e3\u653e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306e\u5275\u9020\u7684\u306a\u601d\u8003\u3084\u3001\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u826f\u3044\u300d\u3082\u306e\u3068\u300c\u7d20\u6674\u3089\u3057\u3044\u300d\u3082\u306e\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc3.7 \u990a\u80b2\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u3001\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/h3>\n<ol>\n \t<li>\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u7684\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e21\u65b9\u3067\u6559\u3048\u305f\u7d4c\u9a13\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u672c\u7bc0\u3067\u793a\u3057\u305f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u6301\u3064\u9577\u6240\u3068\u77ed\u6240\u306e\u5206\u6790\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306f\u3001\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u7684\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3092\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306f\u306f\u3063\u304d\u308a\u3068\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7279\u6709\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h1>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h1>\n<span style=\"color: #252525\">Freire, P. (2004).\u00a0<\/span><i style=\"color: #252525\">Pedagogy of Indignation<\/i><span style=\"color: #252525\">. Boulder CO: Paradigm<\/span>\n\nIllich, I. (1971)\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/learning.media.mit.edu\/courses\/mas713\/readings\/DESCHOOLING.pdf\">Deschooling Society<\/a><\/em>, (accessed 9 July 2019)\n\nKnowles, M. (1984)\u00a0<i style=\"color: #000000\">Andragogy in Action. Applying modern principles of adult education<\/i><span style=\"color: #000000\">, San Francisco: Jossey Bass<\/span>\n\nPratt, D. (1998)\u00a0<em>Five Perspectives on Teaching in Adult and Higher Education<\/em>\u00a0Malabar FL: Krieger Publishing Company\n\nRousseau, J.-J. (1762)\u00a0<em>\u00c9mile,\u00a0ou de l'\u00c9ducation<\/em>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #252525\">\u00a0(Trans. Allan Bloom. New York: Basic Books,\u00a01979)<\/span>\n\nTan, C.-M. (2012) <em>Search Inside Yourself<\/em> New York: Harper Collins","rendered":"<p>\u3053\u306e\u7bc0\u3067\u306f\u3001Pratt \u304c\u8a00\u53ca\u3059\u308b\u6b8b\u308a\uff12\u3064\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u990a\u80b2\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>3.7.1\u00a0<span lang=\"JA\">\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u8996\u70b9<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u89aa\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u304b\u3089\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u308b\u306e\u304c\u6700\u9069\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002Pratt (1998) \u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u300c\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u89aa\u304c\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u5171\u611f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u671f\u5f85\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u306b\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5fc3\u306e\u3053\u3082\u3063\u305f\u601d\u3044\u3084\u308a\u3068\u611b\u60c5\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6307\u5c0e\u3092\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u306f\u3001\u89aa\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u6587\u8108\u3067\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u5e74\u9f62\u5c64\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u305d\u306e\u6839\u5e95\u306b\u3042\u308b\u7279\u6027\u3084\u95a2\u5fc3\u4e8b\u306f\u89aa\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6559\u308f\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3069\u308c\u304f\u3089\u3044\u8eab\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u304b\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u52b9\u529b\u611f\u3084\u81ea\u5c0a\u5fc3\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u554f\u984c\u3053\u305d\u304c\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u6210\u529f\u3092\u6e2c\u308b\u7a76\u6975\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u8208\u5473\u95a2\u5fc3\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u5b66\u3076\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u91cd\u8981\u8996\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6642\u306e\u767a\u8a00\u3084\u8003\u3048\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u6ce8\u610f\u6df1\u304f\u8033\u3092\u50be\u3051\u3001\u300c\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u5171\u611f\u7684\u627f\u8a8d\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5e7c\u3044\u6642\u304b\u3089\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u306b\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u5bdf\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u6301\u3064\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u50be\u5411\u300d\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5968\u52b1\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u610f\u6b32\u306e\u5206\u6790\u304b\u3089\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u8ab2\u984c\u3078\u3068\u5c0e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5927\u5207\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-large-line.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"26\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg 755w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-300x10.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-65x2.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-225x8.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-350x12.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_105\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-105\" style=\"width: 456px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/03\/Empire-State-mentor-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-106\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Empire-State-mentor-2.jpg\" alt=\"\u56f33.7.1 \u30a8\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30a2\u30fb\u30b9\u30c6\u30a4\u30c8\u30fb\u30ab\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\" width=\"456\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Empire-State-mentor-2.jpg 262w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Empire-State-mentor-2-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Empire-State-mentor-2-225x148.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-105\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56f33.7.1 \u30a8\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30a2\u30fb\u30b9\u30c6\u30a4\u30c8\u30fb\u30ab\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"13\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg 755w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-300x5.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-65x1.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-225x4.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-350x6.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30a2\u30fb\u30b9\u30c6\u30a4\u30c8\u30fb\u30ab\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8\u3067\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esc.edu\/media\/academic-affairs\/academic-support\/ort-handbook-h834h\/Online_Orientation_Handbook.pdf\">\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30e1\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u5236<\/a>\u00a0\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u672c\u7bc0\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u7d30\u304b\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u307e\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>3.7.2 \u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u306e\u8996\u70b9<\/h1>\n<p>Pratt (1998, p.173) \u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u793e\u4f1a\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u95a2\u5fc3\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u304c\u884c\u3046\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u305d\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306e\u72ec\u81ea\u6027\u306f\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u7406\u60f3\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306b\u7e4b\u304c\u308b\u8af8\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6559\u54e1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u6559\u3048\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3002\uff08\u4e2d\u7565\uff09\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u306f\u3001\u5168\u3066\u500b\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u4e0a\u306e\u7406\u60f3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u306f\u5909\u5316\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u8005\u306f\u3053\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6349\u3048\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u7acb\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3.7.3 \u6b74\u53f2\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u9023<\/h2>\n<p>\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u306b\u3082\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u306b\u3082\u3001\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u9577\u3044\u6b74\u53f2\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1762) : \u300c\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306b\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3064\u304d\u5099\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u767a\u898b\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u6210\u9577\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u3068\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u9650\u308a\u6b69\u8abf\u3092\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)<\/li>\n<li>Malcolm Knowles (1984) : \u300c\u4eba\u306f\u6210\u9577\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u50cf\u304c\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u306a\u4eba\u683c\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u9593\u304b\u3089\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4eba\u9593\u3078\u3068\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002\u300d<\/li>\n<li>Paulo Freire (2004) : \u300c\u6559\u80b2\u304c\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u304f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u3001\u4f5c\u308a\u76f4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3078\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d<\/li>\n<li>Ivan Illich (1971) \uff08\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3066\uff09:\u300c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6559\u80b2\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u63a2\u3057\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3055\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9593\u9055\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u306b\u5168\u304f\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u500b\u3005\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u6c42\u3081\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u66ae\u3089\u3057\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u4e00\u77ac\u4e00\u77ac\u304c\u3001\u5b66\u3073\u5408\u3044\u3001\u5b66\u3073\u3092\u5171\u6709\u3057\u5408\u3044\u3001\u4e16\u8a71\u3057\u5408\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u30fb\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u307f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4eee\u5b9a\u3092\u6620\u3057\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3001Illich \u306f\u65e9\u304f\u30821971\u5e74\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u5148\u9032\u7684\u306a\u6280\u8853\u306b\u3088\u308b\u300c\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u7db2\u300d\u306e\u5229\u7528\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3001\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u767a\u8a00\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u4ef2\u9593\u540c\u58eb\u3092\u7e4b\u3052\u308b\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u50cd\u304d\u306f\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8005\u306f\u540d\u524d\u3068\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3067\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u4ef2\u9593\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u9001\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5358\u7d14\u3067\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u307e\u3067\u4e16\u9593\u4e00\u822c\u3067\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u306f\u4eca\u65e5\u3001\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u60c5\u5831\u3084\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3092\u7d4c\u7531\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u591a\u304f\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3084\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u5165\u624b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002MOOC \u306f\u5171\u901a\u306e\u8208\u5473\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5f79\u306b\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308b MOOC \u306f\u3001\u5171\u901a\u306e\u8208\u5473\u95a2\u5fc3\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3084\u3001\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u6280\u8853\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u3084\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>3.7.4 <span lang=\"JA\">\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u5f79\u5272<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span lang=\"JA\">\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5168\u3066\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001<\/span><span lang=\"JA\">\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u4e8c\u3092\u4e89\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u697d\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u5b66\u3076\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4f3c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8208\u5473\u3084\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u306b\u9762\u5012\u3092\u898b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u500b\u3005\u4eba\u306f\u81ea\u3089\u304c\u5b66\u3073\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3001\u3057\u304b\u3082\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6700\u5f8c\u307e\u3067\u3084\u308a\u629c\u304f\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><span lang=\"JA\">\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306f\u629c\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5909\u9769\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3082\u8a00\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u516c\u6559\u80b2\u3084\u79c1\u6559\u80b2\u304c\u3082\u3064\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u3001\u652f\u914d\u7684\u5074\u9762\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8131\u5374\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u6210\u529f\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u679c\u305f\u3059\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u898b\u89e3\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002Pratt \u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u80b2\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002Illich \u3084 Freire \u306a\u3069\u306f\u3001\u8077\u696d\u7684\u306b\u8a13\u7df4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u500b\u3005\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u50cd\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30dc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3084\u3001\u3042\u308b\u7406\u60f3\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u7d44\u7e54\u3055\u308c\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u96c6\u56e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>3.7.5 \u00a0\uff12<span lang=\"JA\">\u3064\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u9577\u6240\u3068\u77ed\u6240<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u306f\u5f53\u7136\u306a\u304c\u3089\u77ed\u6240\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>\n<p>\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u3067\u7121\u79c1\u306a\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3084\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u6700\u512a\u5148\u3057\u306a\u304f\u3066\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u6559\u80b2\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u4f1d\u9054\u3057\u305f\u308a\u5171\u6709\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u300c\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u7528\u610f\u3067\u304d\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u300d\uff08\u30ec\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u30b9\uff09\u306b\u306a\u308b\u307e\u3067\u63a7\u3048\u3066\u304a\u304b\u306a\u304f\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u591a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u3084\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3082\u306a\u308a\u304b\u306d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pratt \u306f\u300c\u6559\u80b2\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3057\u308d\u306b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u306a\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u306b\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ea\u30ad\u30e5\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c7a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u3067\u6559\u308f\u308b\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u3068\u3001\u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u901f\u3055\u3067\u305d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3053\u308c\u306f Pratt \u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304d\u305f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u9a13\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u8a3c\u7684\u306a\u8a3c\u62e0\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u3001\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u306e\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5f37\u3044\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f53\u7cfb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9032\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3001\u4fdd\u8b77\u8005\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u5171\u6709\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u306f\u9650\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u5168\u3066\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u6700\u3082\u52b4\u529b\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3084\u305d\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u6df1\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u6271\u3044\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3078\u306e\u30ec\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u30b9\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u304a\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u652f\u3048\u3042\u3046\u74b0\u5883\u3084\u5834\u9762\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u304b\u306a\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3092\u5272\u304b\u306a\u304f\u3066\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u9f5f\u9f6c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5341\u5206\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u307e\u3059\u3002\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u306a\u6559\u54e1\u306a\u3089\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9f5f\u9f6c\u3092\u4e57\u308a\u8d8a\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u4fc3\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u6307\u5c0e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u3068\u4f3c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8003\u3048\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4ed6\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u306e\u8a71\u306b\u7d42\u59cb\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u5148\u306b\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u5b66\u554f\u3092\u6559\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f01\u8ad6\u8853\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u9055\u3063\u305f\u898b\u65b9\u3067\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u3082\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"JA\">\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u4f3c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u306b<\/span><span lang=\"JA\">\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u3067\u5916\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3064\u3051\u306a\u3044\u300c\u5185\u8f2a\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72ec\u65ad\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u306b<\/span><span lang=\"JA\">\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u9665\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span lang=\"JA\">\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3048\u3001<\/span><span lang=\"JA\">\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3082\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3082\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5074\u9762\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"JA\">\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3082\u3001\u7279\u306b\u6210\u4eba\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3046\u307e\u304f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u5e7c\u3044\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306b\u3082\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"JA\">\u990a\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f Google \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4f01\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30eb\u306a\u7814\u4fee\u3067\u3082\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001<\/span>Tang, 2012\u00a0<span lang=\"JA\">\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\">\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306b\u3088\u308b MOOCs \u306f\u3001\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u306a\u624b\u6cd5\u3068\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u7684\u306a\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f37\u304f\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u52b9\u529b\u611f\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u306e\u9054\u6210\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"JA\">\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u65e2\u306b\u5341\u5206\u306b\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5341\u5206\u306a\u4e88\u5099\u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u6982\u5ff5\u767a\u9054\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"JA\">\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3084\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u5b98\u50da\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3088\u308a\u3082\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u91cd\u70b9\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u601d\u8003\u3068\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u652f\u914d\u304b\u3089\u89e3\u653e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306e\u5275\u9020\u7684\u306a\u601d\u8003\u3084\u3001\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u826f\u3044\u300d\u3082\u306e\u3068\u300c\u7d20\u6674\u3089\u3057\u3044\u300d\u3082\u306e\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc3.7 \u990a\u80b2\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u3001\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u7684\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e21\u65b9\u3067\u6559\u3048\u305f\u7d4c\u9a13\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u672c\u7bc0\u3067\u793a\u3057\u305f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u6301\u3064\u9577\u6240\u3068\u77ed\u6240\u306e\u5206\u6790\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306f\u3001\u990a\u80b2\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u9769\u7684\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3092\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u7d50\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306f\u306f\u3063\u304d\u308a\u3068\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7279\u6709\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h1>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #252525\">Freire, P. (2004).\u00a0<\/span><i style=\"color: #252525\">Pedagogy of Indignation<\/i><span style=\"color: #252525\">. Boulder CO: Paradigm<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Illich, I. (1971)\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/learning.media.mit.edu\/courses\/mas713\/readings\/DESCHOOLING.pdf\">Deschooling Society<\/a><\/em>, (accessed 9 July 2019)<\/p>\n<p>Knowles, M. (1984)\u00a0<i style=\"color: #000000\">Andragogy in Action. Applying modern principles of adult education<\/i><span style=\"color: #000000\">, San Francisco: Jossey Bass<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Pratt, D. (1998)\u00a0<em>Five Perspectives on Teaching in Adult and Higher Education<\/em>\u00a0Malabar FL: Krieger Publishing Company<\/p>\n<p>Rousseau, J.-J. (1762)\u00a0<em>\u00c9mile,\u00a0ou de l&#8217;\u00c9ducation<\/em>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #252525\">\u00a0(Trans. Allan Bloom. New York: Basic Books,\u00a01979)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Tan, C.-M. 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