{"id":126,"date":"2014-11-28T12:05:12","date_gmt":"2014-11-28T12:05:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/chapter\/6-5-online-collaborative-learning\/"},"modified":"2023-05-11T10:51:27","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T10:51:27","slug":"6-5-online-collaborative-learning","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/chapter\/6-5-online-collaborative-learning\/","title":{"raw":"4.4 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2","rendered":"4.4 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>4.4.1 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u306f<\/h1>\n\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u6210\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3068\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u69cb\u6210\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u6301\u3064\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u6b21\u7b2c\u306b\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f93\u6765\u306f\u300c\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u300d(CMC) \u3084\u300c\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001Harasim(2012) \u306f\u300c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u7406\u8ad6\u300d(OCL) \u3068\u540d\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002Harasim \u306f OCL \u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08p.90\uff09\n<blockquote>OCL \u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u3068\u3082\u306b\u52b1\u307e\u3057\u3042\u3044\u3001\u652f\u63f4\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u7fd2\u5f97\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3044\u3046\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u306f\u3001\u767a\u660e\u3084\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u63a2\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u63a2\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u4e38\u3054\u3068\u6697\u5531\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 OCL \u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308a\u5408\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5968\u52b1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306f\u8003\u3048\u3066\u306f\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\uff08\u4e2d\u7565\uff09OCL\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30d5\u30a7\u30ed\u30fc\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3084\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u5148\u7aef\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u7e4b\u3052\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u305f\u3081\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u9375\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u7fd2\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u5bfe\u8a71\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/blockquote>\nOCL \u306f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u767a\u9054\u306b\u91cd\u70b9\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u300c\u5bfe\u8a71\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u300d(Pask, 1975) \u3084\u300c\u6df1\u3044\u5b66\u3073\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u300d(Marton and Salj\u00f8, 1997; Entwistle, 2000)\u3001\u300c\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u767a\u9054\u300d(Laurillard, 2001)\u3001\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u300d(Scardamalia and Bereiter, 2006) \u306e\u8af8\u7406\u8ad6\u3092\u571f\u53f0\u3068\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\n\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u521d\u671f\u306e\u9803\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u4e0a\u3067\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f (\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001Hiltz and Turoff, 1978) \u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u624b\u6cd5\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u540c\u58eb\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u3068\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u306e\u9593\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u975e\u540c\u671f\u306e\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b21\u7b2c\u306b\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\n\n\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u63b2\u793a\u677f\u306f1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u9061\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u30571990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e World Wide Web \u306e\u8a95\u751f\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30fb\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u307b\u307c\u5168\u3066\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b LMS \u306e\u958b\u767a\u304c\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u63b2\u793a\u677f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6559\u5ba4\u3067\u306e\u30bb\u30df\u30ca\u30fc\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li>\u6587\u5b57\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u53e3\u8ff0\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u975e\u540c\u671f\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u306f\u3044\u3064\u3067\u3082\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3069\u3053\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3082\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u300c\u30b9\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u578b\u300d\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u5358\u306b\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u306e\u9806\u756a\u3067\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8fd4\u4fe1\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u304d\u3063\u304b\u3051\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u6295\u7a3f\u306b\u7d10\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u30b5\u30d6\u30fb\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u6642\u306b\u306f\uff11\u3064\u306e\u30b9\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u306b10\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3082\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u4ed8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4e00\u5ea6\u306b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u8ffd\u3044\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>4.4.2 OCL \u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u539f\u5247<\/h1>\nHarasim \u306f\u5bfe\u8a71\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u77e5\u8b58\u69cb\u7bc9\u3092\u884c\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306e\uff13\u3064\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059<\/strong>\uff1a\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u30d6\u30ec\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u610f\u898b\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u5408\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u96c6\u7d04\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u306e\u6574\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u96c6\u7d04\u3055\u308c\u305f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u610f\u898b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3001\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5206\u985e\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8b70\u8ad6\u3084\u610f\u898b\u4ea4\u63db\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u53ce\u675f<\/strong>\uff1a\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8cdb\u6210\u3001\u53cd\u5bfe\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3068\u5408\u610f\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30a8\u30c3\u30bb\u30a4\u3084\u8ab2\u984c\u306a\u3069\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u3084\u4f5c\u696d\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHarasim \u306f\u3053\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3092\u300c\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u968e\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u304c\u672c\u5f53\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3067\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3072\u3068\u305f\u3073\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u306e\u53ce\u96c6\u3001\u6574\u7406\u3001\u53ce\u675f\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u306f\u3058\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6df1\u3044\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u307e\u3067\u305d\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u304c\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u9032\u884c\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u7d20\u6750\u306e\u63d0\u4f9b\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u5b66\u3073\u306b\u81ea\u4fe1\u3092\u6301\u305f\u305b\u308b\u6d3b\u52d5\u3060\u3051\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3084\u305d\u306e\u79d1\u76ee\u9818\u57df\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9818\u57df\u3067\u6838\u3068\u306a\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u3001\u57fa\u6e96\u3001\u539f\u5247\u304c\u5b66\u7fd2\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\n\nHarasim \u306f\u3053\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u6b21\u306e\u56f3\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-large-line.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"26\"><\/a>\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1002\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"745\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2014\/11\/Harasim-Figure-6.3.jpg\"><img class=\" wp-image-123\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Harasim-Figure-6.3-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 4.3.2: Harasim's pedagogy of group discussion (from Harasim, 2012, p. 95)\" width=\"745\" height=\"497\"><\/a> \u56f34.4.2 Harasim \u306b\u3088\u308b\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u8ad6 (Harasim, 2012, p.95\u3088\u308a\u8a31\u53ef\u3092\u5f97\u3066\u63b2\u8f09)[\/caption]\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-2.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"13\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5225\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001OCL \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3084\u52d5\u753b\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3001LMS \u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6587\u5b57\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u88dc\u8db3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u526f\u6b21\u7684\u306a\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ed8\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3084\u8ab2\u984c\u56f3\u66f8\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u7d20\u6750\u3082\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9006\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u4e0a\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u300d\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6559\u54e1\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4e0d\u5e73\u4e0d\u6e80\u304c\u306a\u305c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3082\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u8b1b\u7fa9\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u904b\u7528\u3084\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u77e5\u8b58\u69cb\u7bc9\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5ff5\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u7684\u306a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ed8\u3051\u3084\u8ffd\u52a0\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3057\u304b\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u6210\u7e3e\u3084\u8a55\u4fa1\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u898b\u3048\u3066\u3053\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7684\u5916\u308c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3068\u3082\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5916\u767a\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u6a5f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u5185\u767a\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u6a5f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002(\u4f8b\u3048\u3070Brindley, Walti and Blashke, 2009 \u3092\u53c2\u7167)<\/p>\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left\">4.4.3 \u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53<\/h1>\n\u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/coi.athabascau.ca\/coi-model\/\">Community of Inquiry Model (CoI<\/a>) \u306f OCL \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u4f3c\u901a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 Garrison, Anderson, Archer (2000) \u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u3082\u3064\u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3068\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5bfe\u8a71\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u304c\u304a\u4e92\u3044\u3092\u6279\u8a55\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u9ad8\u3081\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u8da3\u65e8\u3092\u7bc9\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u3092\u901a\u3058\u305f\u7701\u5bdf\u3092\u884c\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\nGarrison, Anderson, Archer \u306f\u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u306b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\uff13\u3064\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u611f<\/strong>\u306f\u300c\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u5b66\u7fd2\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306a\u3069\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3067\u304d\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u76ee\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u304d\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u304c\u500b\u6027\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u3068\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5411\u4e0a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u611f<\/strong>\u306f\u300c\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u610f\u5473\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u306b\u610f\u7fa9\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u6210\u679c\u3092\u5b9f\u611f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u30fb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u4fc3\u9032\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u3065\u3051\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u611f<\/strong>\u306f\u300c\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u7701\u5bdf\u3068\u5bfe\u8a71\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3001\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-large-line.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"26\"><\/a><\/h2>\n&nbsp;\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_124\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"458\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2014\/11\/Community-of-Inquiry-2.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-125\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Community-of-Inquiry-2.jpg\" alt=\"\u56f34.4.4: \u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff08Community of Inquiry)\u306e\u6982\u5ff5. <br \/>\u56f3\u00a9 Terry Anderson\/Marguerite Koole, 2013\" width=\"458\" height=\"418\"><\/a> \u56f34.4.4 \u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53 (Community of Inquiry) \u306e\u6982\u5ff5. <br>\u00a9 Terry Anderson\/Marguerite Koole, 2013[\/caption]\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-2.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"13\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\u3057\u304b\u3057 CoI \u306f\u8a2d\u8a08\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u3082\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\uff13\u3064\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6d3b\u52d5\u3084\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002OCL \u3068 CoI \u306e\uff12\u3064\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u7af6\u4e89\u3057\u3042\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u76f8\u88dc\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\n<h1>4.4.4 \u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u306a\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u958b\u767a<\/h1>\nCoI \u306e\u539f\u5178\u304c2000\u5e74\u306b\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u3066\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\uff13\u3064\u306e\u300c\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u300d\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3059\u308b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/coi.athabascau.ca\/publications\/coi-papers\/\">\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>\u3092\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u9818\u57df\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3084\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u304c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u6ce8\u529b\u3057\u3066\u304d\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6210\u529f\u306b\u5c0e\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306e\u65b9\u7565\u3084\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u539f\u5247\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9ad8\u3044\u6b21\u5143\u3067\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u306e\u96c6\u7d04\u3068\u8cdb\u540c\u304c\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u554f\u7684\u30fb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u306a\u767a\u5c55\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u624b\u3067\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u7ba1\u7406\u904b\u55b6\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u3092\u767a\u5c55\u3055\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u5341\u5206\u306a\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\n\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066 OCL \u306b\u3082 CoI \u306b\u3082\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u306e\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u539f\u5247\u304c\uff08\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\uff09\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u6210\u529f\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b9\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u578b\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u3059\u308b\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u6d3b\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u904b\u7528\u57fa\u6e96<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u3066\u306e\u6c7a\u307e\u308a\u3054\u3068\u3084\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u5b66\u751f\u5411\u3051\u306e\u30aa\u30ea\u30a8\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u6e96\u5099<\/strong>\uff1a\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3084\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u306a\u3069\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb<\/strong>\uff1a\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u884c\u3046\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u3066\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u300c\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u3084\u968e\u7d1a\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u8ab2\u984c\u56f3\u66f8\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u898b\u3064\u3051\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3002\u300d\u3084\u300c\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6bd4\u8f03\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3002\u300d\u306a\u3069\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u9078\u629e<\/strong>\uff1a\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u6559\u6750\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u30fb\u62e1\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6210\u7e3e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u3068\u3082\u95a2\u9023\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9069\u5207\u306a\u300c\u30de\u30ca\u30fc\u300d\u3084\u5fc5\u8981\u4e8b\u9805\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u656c\u610f\u3092\u6255\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u53cd\u5bfe\u610f\u898b\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u8a3c\u62e0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3068\u671f\u5f85\u3092\u306f\u3063\u304d\u308a\u3068\u6c7a\u3081\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u300c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u9031\u306b\uff11\u56de\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3057\u3001\u6bce\u9031\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\uff11\u4ef6\u306e\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002\u300d\u306a\u3069\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u8fd4\u4e8b\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/strong>\uff1a\u9069\u5207\u306a\u8db3\u5834\u304b\u3051\u3084\u652f\u63f4\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3084\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u6559\u6750\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u56f0\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308a\u8aa4\u89e3\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u89e3\u8aac\u306a\u3069\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u304b\u3064\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u611f\u300d<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u304b\u3089\u5916\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u306b\u3082\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u9038\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u3088\u3046\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u826f\u3044\u8ca2\u732e\u304c\u306a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u5968\u52b1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u72ec\u5360\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u4fc3\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3068\u8a55\u4fa1\u3068\u306e\u9593\u3067\u5f37\u3044\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001Salmon (2000)\u3001Bates and Poole (2003)\u3001Paloff and Pratt (2005; 2007) \u3067\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u304f\u8b70\u8ad6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<h1>4.4.5 \u6587\u5316\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u8ab2\u984c<\/h1>\n\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u671f\u5f85\u3084\u80cc\u666f\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u7d4c\u9a13\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u96c6\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u4e3b\u4f53\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u9593\u3067\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u6587\u5316\u7684\u306a\u9055\u3044\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u30fb\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3088\u308a\u3082\u6559\u80b2\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u76f8\u5f53\u4f4e\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u8a00\u8a9e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u306e\u70b9\u3067\u56f0\u96e3\u3092\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u6c17\u3092\u914d\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3069\u3053\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3082\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u306a\u304a\u3055\u3089\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\n\u591a\u304f\u306e\u56fd\u3067\u306f\u6559\u5e2b\u306e\u6a29\u5a01\u306b\u91cd\u304d\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6559\u5e2b\u304b\u3089\u5b66\u751f\u3078\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u4f1d\u9054\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6587\u5316\u570f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6559\u5e2b\u306e\u610f\u898b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u6279\u8a55\u3057\u305f\u308a\u7570\u3092\u5531\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5931\u793c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6279\u8a55\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5931\u793c\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u6559\u5e2b\u304c\u4e3b\u4f53\u3068\u306a\u308b\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u6587\u5316\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u610f\u898b\u306f\u7121\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5168\u304f\u91cd\u8981\u8996\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u6587\u5316\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u6307\u5c0e\u3092\u884c\u3046\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u53e3\u627f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7269\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u91cd\u304d\u3092\u304a\u304f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3084\u3001\u7269\u8a9e\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u305f\u5f62\u3067\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u304c\u91cd\u8996\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\n\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u69cb\u6210\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a2d\u8a08\u304c\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u5927\u304d\u306a\u8ca0\u62c5\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u69cb\u6210\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306b\u4e0d\u6163\u308c\u306a\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u7279\u5225\u306a\u652f\u63f4\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6295\u7a3f\u306e\u524d\u306b\u3001\u4e00\u5ea6\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u4e0b\u66f8\u304d\u3092\u9001\u3089\u305b\u3066\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5316\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001Jung and Gunawardena (2014) \u3084 the journal Distance Education, Vol. 22, No. 1 (2001) 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\t<li>\u3042\u308b\u610f\u5473\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u5c0e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u77e5\u8b58\u69cb\u7bc9\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5b66\u7fd2\u9818\u57df\u3067\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3084\u4fa1\u5024\u611f\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057<\/li>\n \t<li>\u66f4\u306b\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u5927\u5207\u306b\u3057\u305f\u308a\u8003\u616e\u306b\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3082\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u306f\uff12\u3064\u306e\u4e3b\u305f\u308b\u9577\u6240\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\n<ul>\n \t<li>\u9069\u5207\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6559\u5ba4\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u540c\u3058\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u6df1\u304f\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u5b66\u3073\u3078\u3068\u5c0e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u975e\u540c\u671f\u304b\u3064\u9332\u753b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u300d\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u3067\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306a\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u3084\u4ed6\u306e\u5074\u9762\u304c\u5931\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306e\u57cb\u3081\u5408\u308f\u305b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9ad8\u3044\u6b21\u5143\u3067\u306e\u77e5\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u306e\u767a\u9054\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3082\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6279\u5224\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3001\u7d71\u5408\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\u306a\u3069\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li>\u9ad8\u3044\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u6280\u80fd\u3092\u6709\u3057\u305f\u6559\u54e1\u3084\u3001\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u6570\u306b\u9650\u308a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u898f\u6a21\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5bb9\u6613\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u3084\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3084\u533b\u7642\u95a2\u9023\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u99b4\u67d3\u307f\u3084\u3059\u3044\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u9006\u306b\u79d1\u5b66\u3084\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u3001\u5de5\u5b66\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u306f\u99b4\u67d3\u307f\u306b\u304f\u3044\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u578b\u3068\u63a2\u7a76\u578b\u3068\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u306f\u53ef\u80fd\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>4.4.7 \u8981\u7d04<\/h1>\n\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u3067\u3042\u308c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u9577\u6240\u3084\u77ed\u6240\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u3001\u3088\u304f\u8a2d\u8a08\u30fb\u904b\u55b6\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6559\u5ba4\u578b\u3067\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u4e3b\u4f53\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u3067\u306f\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u9055\u3044\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u914d\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u307b\u3069\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u540c\u671f\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308c\u975e\u540c\u671f\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u9060\u9694\u3067\u3042\u308c\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u5b9f\u65bd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\n\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u304c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u5b9f\u65bd\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5341\u5206\u306a\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u5408\u3063\u305f\u67d4\u8edf\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u914d\u4fe1\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5e38\u306b\u4e07\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306b\u305b\u3088\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u6210\u529f\u306b\u5c0e\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u3088\u304f\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc4.4: \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1<\/h3>\n<ol>\n \t<li>\u300c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2(OCL)\u300d\u3068\u300c\u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u300d\u3068\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u3001\u5b9f\u306f\u540c\u3058\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u9055\u3046\u547c\u3073\u65b9\u3067\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3067\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u6388\u696d\u3084\u5bfe\u9762\u6388\u696d\u3067\u306e\u6210\u529f\u304c\u671f\u5f85\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u9577\u6240\u3084\u77ed\u6240\u306f\u601d\u3044\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5171\u901a\u8a8d\u8b58\u306f\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u91cf\u7684\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3084\u5de5\u5b66\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u610f\u5473\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u304c\u8a72\u5f53\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h1>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h1>\nBates, A. and Poole, G. (2003) <em>Effective Teaching with Technology in Higher Education: Foundations for Success,<\/em> San Francisco: Jossey-Bass\n\nBrindley, J., Walti, C. and Blashke, L. (2009) Creating Effective Collaborative Learning Groups in an Online Environment <a href=\"http:\/\/www.irrodl.org\/index.php\/irrodl\/article\/view\/675\/1271\">International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning<\/a>, Vol. 10, No. 3\n\nEntwistle, N. (2000) <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tlrp.org\/acadpub\/Entwistle2000.pdf\">Promoting deep learning through teaching and assessment: conceptual frameworks and educational contexts<\/a> <\/em>Leicester UK: TLRP Conference\n\nGarrison, R., Anderson, A. and Archer, W. (2000) Critical Inquiry in a Text-based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1096751600000166\">The Internet and Higher Education<\/a>, Vol. 2, No. 3\n\nHarasim, L. (2012)\u00a0<em>Learning Theory and Online Technologies<\/em>\u00a0New York\/London: Routledge\n\nHiltz, R. and Turoff, M. (1978)\u00a0<em>The Network Nation: Human Communication via Computer<\/em> Reading MA: Addison-Wesley\n\nJung, I. and Gunawardena, C. (eds.) (2014) <em>Culture and Online Learning: Global Perspectives and Research<\/em> Sterling VA: Stylus\n\nLaurillard, D. (2001)\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/Rethinking-University-Teaching-Routledge-2001\/dp\/B00DHO14WY\/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_2?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1402428736&amp;sr=1-2-fkmr0&amp;keywords=Laurillard%2C+D.+%282001%29+Rethinking+University+Teaching%3A+A+Conversational+Framework+for+the+Effective+Use+of+Learning+Technologies\">Rethinking University Teaching: A Conversational Framework for the Effective Use of Learning Technologies<\/a><\/em>\u00a0New York\/London: Routledge\n\nMarton, F. and Salj\u00f6, R. (1997) Approaches to learning, in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ed.ac.uk\/institute-academic-development\/learning-teaching\/research\/experience-of-learning\"><em>Marton, F.,\u00a0Hounsell, D. and Entwistle, N. (eds.) The experience of learning: Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press (<\/em><\/a>out of press, but available online)\n\nPaloff, R. and Pratt, K. (2005) <em>Collaborating Online: Learning Together in Community<\/em> San Francisco: Jossey-Bass\n\nPaloff, R. and Pratt, K. (2007) Building Online Learning Communities: Effective Strategies for the Virtual Classroom San Francisco: Jossey-Bass\n\nPask, G. (1975) <em><a href=\"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/f80c\/b5dfec9518933d96015d0e3371033ccb71db.pdf\">Conversation, Cognition and Learning<\/a><\/em> Amsterdam\/London: Elsevier (out of press, but available online)\n\nSalmon, G. (2000) <em>e-Moderating: The Key to Teaching and Learning Online<\/em> London: Taylor and Francis\n\nScardamalia, M. and Bereiter, C. (2006) Knowledge Building: \u00a0Theory, pedagogy and technology in Sawyer, K. (ed.) <em>Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences<\/em> New York: cambridge University Press","rendered":"<h1>4.4.1 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u306f<\/h1>\n<p>\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u6210\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3068\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u69cb\u6210\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u6301\u3064\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u6b21\u7b2c\u306b\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f93\u6765\u306f\u300c\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u300d(CMC) \u3084\u300c\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001Harasim(2012) \u306f\u300c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u7406\u8ad6\u300d(OCL) \u3068\u540d\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002Harasim \u306f OCL \u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08p.90\uff09<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>OCL \u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u3068\u3082\u306b\u52b1\u307e\u3057\u3042\u3044\u3001\u652f\u63f4\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u7fd2\u5f97\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3044\u3046\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u306f\u3001\u767a\u660e\u3084\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u63a2\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u63a2\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u4e38\u3054\u3068\u6697\u5531\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 OCL \u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308a\u5408\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5968\u52b1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306f\u8003\u3048\u3066\u306f\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\uff08\u4e2d\u7565\uff09OCL\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30d5\u30a7\u30ed\u30fc\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3084\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u5148\u7aef\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u7e4b\u3052\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u305f\u3081\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u9375\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u7fd2\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u5bfe\u8a71\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>OCL \u306f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u767a\u9054\u306b\u91cd\u70b9\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u300c\u5bfe\u8a71\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u300d(Pask, 1975) \u3084\u300c\u6df1\u3044\u5b66\u3073\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u300d(Marton and Salj\u00f8, 1997; Entwistle, 2000)\u3001\u300c\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u767a\u9054\u300d(Laurillard, 2001)\u3001\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u300d(Scardamalia and Bereiter, 2006) \u306e\u8af8\u7406\u8ad6\u3092\u571f\u53f0\u3068\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u521d\u671f\u306e\u9803\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u4e0a\u3067\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f (\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001Hiltz and Turoff, 1978) \u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u624b\u6cd5\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u540c\u58eb\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u3068\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u306e\u9593\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u975e\u540c\u671f\u306e\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b21\u7b2c\u306b\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u63b2\u793a\u677f\u306f1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u9061\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u30571990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e World Wide Web \u306e\u8a95\u751f\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30fb\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u307b\u307c\u5168\u3066\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b LMS \u306e\u958b\u767a\u304c\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u63b2\u793a\u677f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6559\u5ba4\u3067\u306e\u30bb\u30df\u30ca\u30fc\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u5b57\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u53e3\u8ff0\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u975e\u540c\u671f\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u306f\u3044\u3064\u3067\u3082\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3069\u3053\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3082\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u300c\u30b9\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u578b\u300d\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u5358\u306b\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u306e\u9806\u756a\u3067\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8fd4\u4fe1\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u304d\u3063\u304b\u3051\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u6295\u7a3f\u306b\u7d10\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u30b5\u30d6\u30fb\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u6642\u306b\u306f\uff11\u3064\u306e\u30b9\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u306b10\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3082\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u4ed8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4e00\u5ea6\u306b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u8ffd\u3044\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>4.4.2 OCL \u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u539f\u5247<\/h1>\n<p>Harasim \u306f\u5bfe\u8a71\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u77e5\u8b58\u69cb\u7bc9\u3092\u884c\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306e\uff13\u3064\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059<\/strong>\uff1a\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u30d6\u30ec\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u610f\u898b\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u5408\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u96c6\u7d04\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u306e\u6574\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u96c6\u7d04\u3055\u308c\u305f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u610f\u898b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3001\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5206\u985e\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8b70\u8ad6\u3084\u610f\u898b\u4ea4\u63db\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u53ce\u675f<\/strong>\uff1a\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8cdb\u6210\u3001\u53cd\u5bfe\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3068\u5408\u610f\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30a8\u30c3\u30bb\u30a4\u3084\u8ab2\u984c\u306a\u3069\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u3084\u4f5c\u696d\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Harasim \u306f\u3053\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3092\u300c\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u968e\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u304c\u672c\u5f53\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3067\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3072\u3068\u305f\u3073\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u306e\u53ce\u96c6\u3001\u6574\u7406\u3001\u53ce\u675f\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u306f\u3058\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6df1\u3044\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u307e\u3067\u305d\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u304c\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u9032\u884c\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u7d20\u6750\u306e\u63d0\u4f9b\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u5b66\u3073\u306b\u81ea\u4fe1\u3092\u6301\u305f\u305b\u308b\u6d3b\u52d5\u3060\u3051\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3084\u305d\u306e\u79d1\u76ee\u9818\u57df\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9818\u57df\u3067\u6838\u3068\u306a\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u3001\u57fa\u6e96\u3001\u539f\u5247\u304c\u5b66\u7fd2\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Harasim \u306f\u3053\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u6b21\u306e\u56f3\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-large-line.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"26\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg 755w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-300x10.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-65x2.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-225x8.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-350x12.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1002\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1002\" style=\"width: 745px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2014\/11\/Harasim-Figure-6.3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-123\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Harasim-Figure-6.3-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 4.3.2: Harasim's pedagogy of group discussion (from Harasim, 2012, p. 95)\" width=\"745\" height=\"497\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1002\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56f34.4.2 Harasim \u306b\u3088\u308b\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u8ad6 (Harasim, 2012, p.95\u3088\u308a\u8a31\u53ef\u3092\u5f97\u3066\u63b2\u8f09)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"13\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg 755w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-300x5.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-65x1.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-225x4.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-350x6.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5225\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001OCL \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3084\u52d5\u753b\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3001LMS \u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6587\u5b57\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u88dc\u8db3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u526f\u6b21\u7684\u306a\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ed8\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3084\u8ab2\u984c\u56f3\u66f8\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u7d20\u6750\u3082\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9006\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u4e0a\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u300d\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6559\u54e1\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4e0d\u5e73\u4e0d\u6e80\u304c\u306a\u305c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3082\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u8b1b\u7fa9\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u904b\u7528\u3084\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u77e5\u8b58\u69cb\u7bc9\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5ff5\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u7684\u306a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ed8\u3051\u3084\u8ffd\u52a0\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3057\u304b\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u6210\u7e3e\u3084\u8a55\u4fa1\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u898b\u3048\u3066\u3053\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7684\u5916\u308c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3068\u3082\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5916\u767a\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u6a5f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u5185\u767a\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u6a5f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002(\u4f8b\u3048\u3070Brindley, Walti and Blashke, 2009 \u3092\u53c2\u7167)<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left\">4.4.3 \u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53<\/h1>\n<p>\u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/coi.athabascau.ca\/coi-model\/\">Community of Inquiry Model (CoI<\/a>) \u306f OCL \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u4f3c\u901a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 Garrison, Anderson, Archer (2000) \u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u3082\u3064\u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3068\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5bfe\u8a71\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u304c\u304a\u4e92\u3044\u3092\u6279\u8a55\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u9ad8\u3081\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u8da3\u65e8\u3092\u7bc9\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u3092\u901a\u3058\u305f\u7701\u5bdf\u3092\u884c\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Garrison, Anderson, Archer \u306f\u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u306b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\uff13\u3064\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u611f<\/strong>\u306f\u300c\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u5b66\u7fd2\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306a\u3069\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3067\u304d\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u76ee\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u304d\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u304c\u500b\u6027\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u3068\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5411\u4e0a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u611f<\/strong>\u306f\u300c\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u610f\u5473\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u306b\u610f\u7fa9\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u6210\u679c\u3092\u5b9f\u611f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u30fb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u4fc3\u9032\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u3065\u3051\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u611f<\/strong>\u306f\u300c\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u7701\u5bdf\u3068\u5bfe\u8a71\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3001\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-large-line.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"26\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg 755w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-300x10.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-65x2.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-225x8.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-350x12.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_124\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-124\" style=\"width: 458px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2014\/11\/Community-of-Inquiry-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"373\" height=\"339\" class=\"wp-image-125\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Community-of-Inquiry-2.jpg\" alt=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Community-of-Inquiry-2.jpg 373w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Community-of-Inquiry-2-300x273.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Community-of-Inquiry-2-65x59.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Community-of-Inquiry-2-225x204.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Community-of-Inquiry-2-350x318.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-124\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56f3\u00a9 Terry Anderson\/Marguerite Koole, 2013&#8243; width=&#8221;458&#8243; height=&#8221;418&#8243;&gt;<\/a> \u56f34.4.4 \u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53 (Community of Inquiry) \u306e\u6982\u5ff5. <br \/>\u00a9 Terry Anderson\/Marguerite Koole, 2013<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"13\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg 755w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-300x5.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-65x1.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-225x4.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-350x6.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057 CoI \u306f\u8a2d\u8a08\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u3082\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\uff13\u3064\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6d3b\u52d5\u3084\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002OCL \u3068 CoI \u306e\uff12\u3064\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u7af6\u4e89\u3057\u3042\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u76f8\u88dc\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>4.4.4 \u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u306a\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u958b\u767a<\/h1>\n<p>CoI \u306e\u539f\u5178\u304c2000\u5e74\u306b\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u3066\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\uff13\u3064\u306e\u300c\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u300d\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3059\u308b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/coi.athabascau.ca\/publications\/coi-papers\/\">\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>\u3092\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u9818\u57df\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3084\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u304c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u6ce8\u529b\u3057\u3066\u304d\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6210\u529f\u306b\u5c0e\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306e\u65b9\u7565\u3084\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u539f\u5247\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9ad8\u3044\u6b21\u5143\u3067\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u306e\u96c6\u7d04\u3068\u8cdb\u540c\u304c\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u554f\u7684\u30fb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u306a\u767a\u5c55\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u624b\u3067\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u7ba1\u7406\u904b\u55b6\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u3092\u767a\u5c55\u3055\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u5341\u5206\u306a\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066 OCL \u306b\u3082 CoI \u306b\u3082\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u306e\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u539f\u5247\u304c\uff08\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\uff09\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u6210\u529f\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b9\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u578b\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u3059\u308b\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u6d3b\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u904b\u7528\u57fa\u6e96<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u3066\u306e\u6c7a\u307e\u308a\u3054\u3068\u3084\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b66\u751f\u5411\u3051\u306e\u30aa\u30ea\u30a8\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u6e96\u5099<\/strong>\uff1a\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3084\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u306a\u3069\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb<\/strong>\uff1a\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u884c\u3046\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u3066\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u300c\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u3084\u968e\u7d1a\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u8ab2\u984c\u56f3\u66f8\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u898b\u3064\u3051\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3002\u300d\u3084\u300c\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6bd4\u8f03\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3002\u300d\u306a\u3069\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u9078\u629e<\/strong>\uff1a\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u6559\u6750\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u30fb\u62e1\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6210\u7e3e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u3068\u3082\u95a2\u9023\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9069\u5207\u306a\u300c\u30de\u30ca\u30fc\u300d\u3084\u5fc5\u8981\u4e8b\u9805\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u656c\u610f\u3092\u6255\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u53cd\u5bfe\u610f\u898b\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u8a3c\u62e0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3068\u671f\u5f85\u3092\u306f\u3063\u304d\u308a\u3068\u6c7a\u3081\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u300c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u9031\u306b\uff11\u56de\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3057\u3001\u6bce\u9031\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\uff11\u4ef6\u306e\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002\u300d\u306a\u3069\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u8fd4\u4e8b\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/strong>\uff1a\u9069\u5207\u306a\u8db3\u5834\u304b\u3051\u3084\u652f\u63f4\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3084\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u6559\u6750\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u56f0\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308a\u8aa4\u89e3\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u89e3\u8aac\u306a\u3069\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u304b\u3064\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u611f\u300d<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u304b\u3089\u5916\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u306b\u3082\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u9038\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u3088\u3046\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u826f\u3044\u8ca2\u732e\u304c\u306a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u5968\u52b1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u72ec\u5360\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u4fc3\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3068\u8a55\u4fa1\u3068\u306e\u9593\u3067\u5f37\u3044\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001Salmon (2000)\u3001Bates and Poole (2003)\u3001Paloff and Pratt (2005; 2007) \u3067\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u304f\u8b70\u8ad6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>4.4.5 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and Gunawardena (2014) \u3084 the journal Distance Education, Vol. 22, No. 1 (2001) \u3092\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>4.4.6\u00a0\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u9577\u6240\u3068\u77ed\u6240<\/h1>\n<p>\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u969b\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u5343\u5dee\u4e07\u5225\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u652f\u63f4\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u5229\u7528\u6cd5\u3068\u3001\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u30c1\u30f3\u30b0\u30fb\u30de\u30b7\u30f3\u3068\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u884c\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u304c\u307f\u3089\u308c\u308b\u4eba\u5de5\u77e5\u80fd\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u5229\u7528\u3068\u3067\u306f\u5168\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u306e\u5229\u7528\u306f\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u8a71\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u652f\u63f4\u3055\u308c\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u69cb\u7bc9\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u767a\u5c55\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u6539\u5584\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u8a71\u306f\u624b\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u6b21\u7b2c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u8db3\u5834\u304b\u3051\u300d\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u904b\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u3042\u308b\u610f\u5473\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u5c0e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u77e5\u8b58\u69cb\u7bc9\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a<\/li>\n<li>\u5b66\u7fd2\u9818\u57df\u3067\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3084\u4fa1\u5024\u611f\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057<\/li>\n<li>\u66f4\u306b\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u5927\u5207\u306b\u3057\u305f\u308a\u8003\u616e\u306b\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3082\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u306f\uff12\u3064\u306e\u4e3b\u305f\u308b\u9577\u6240\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9069\u5207\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6559\u5ba4\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u540c\u3058\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u6df1\u304f\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u5b66\u3073\u3078\u3068\u5c0e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u975e\u540c\u671f\u304b\u3064\u9332\u753b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u300d\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u3067\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306a\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u3084\u4ed6\u306e\u5074\u9762\u304c\u5931\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306e\u57cb\u3081\u5408\u308f\u305b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9ad8\u3044\u6b21\u5143\u3067\u306e\u77e5\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u306e\u767a\u9054\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3082\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6279\u5224\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3001\u7d71\u5408\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\u306a\u3069\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9ad8\u3044\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u6280\u80fd\u3092\u6709\u3057\u305f\u6559\u54e1\u3084\u3001\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u6570\u306b\u9650\u308a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u898f\u6a21\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5bb9\u6613\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u3084\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3084\u533b\u7642\u95a2\u9023\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u99b4\u67d3\u307f\u3084\u3059\u3044\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u9006\u306b\u79d1\u5b66\u3084\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u3001\u5de5\u5b66\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u306f\u99b4\u67d3\u307f\u306b\u304f\u3044\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u578b\u3068\u63a2\u7a76\u578b\u3068\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u306f\u53ef\u80fd\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>4.4.7 \u8981\u7d04<\/h1>\n<p>\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u3067\u3042\u308c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u9577\u6240\u3084\u77ed\u6240\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u3001\u3088\u304f\u8a2d\u8a08\u30fb\u904b\u55b6\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6559\u5ba4\u578b\u3067\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u4e3b\u4f53\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u3067\u306f\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u9055\u3044\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u914d\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u307b\u3069\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u540c\u671f\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308c\u975e\u540c\u671f\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u9060\u9694\u3067\u3042\u308c\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u5b9f\u65bd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u304c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u5b9f\u65bd\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5341\u5206\u306a\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u5408\u3063\u305f\u67d4\u8edf\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u914d\u4fe1\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5e38\u306b\u4e07\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306b\u305b\u3088\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u6210\u529f\u306b\u5c0e\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u3088\u304f\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc4.4: \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u300c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u8abf\u5b66\u7fd2(OCL)\u300d\u3068\u300c\u63a2\u6c42\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u300d\u3068\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u3001\u5b9f\u306f\u540c\u3058\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u9055\u3046\u547c\u3073\u65b9\u3067\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3067\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u6388\u696d\u3084\u5bfe\u9762\u6388\u696d\u3067\u306e\u6210\u529f\u304c\u671f\u5f85\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u9577\u6240\u3084\u77ed\u6240\u306f\u601d\u3044\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5171\u901a\u8a8d\u8b58\u306f\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u91cf\u7684\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3084\u5de5\u5b66\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u610f\u5473\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u304c\u8a72\u5f53\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h1>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h1>\n<p>Bates, A. and Poole, G. (2003) <em>Effective Teaching with Technology in Higher Education: Foundations for Success,<\/em> San Francisco: Jossey-Bass<\/p>\n<p>Brindley, J., Walti, C. and Blashke, L. (2009) Creating Effective Collaborative Learning Groups in an Online Environment <a href=\"http:\/\/www.irrodl.org\/index.php\/irrodl\/article\/view\/675\/1271\">International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning<\/a>, Vol. 10, No. 3<\/p>\n<p>Entwistle, N. (2000) <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tlrp.org\/acadpub\/Entwistle2000.pdf\">Promoting deep learning through teaching and assessment: conceptual frameworks and educational contexts<\/a> <\/em>Leicester UK: TLRP Conference<\/p>\n<p>Garrison, R., Anderson, A. and Archer, W. (2000) Critical Inquiry in a Text-based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1096751600000166\">The Internet and Higher Education<\/a>, Vol. 2, No. 3<\/p>\n<p>Harasim, L. (2012)\u00a0<em>Learning Theory and Online Technologies<\/em>\u00a0New York\/London: Routledge<\/p>\n<p>Hiltz, R. and Turoff, M. (1978)\u00a0<em>The Network Nation: Human Communication via Computer<\/em> Reading MA: Addison-Wesley<\/p>\n<p>Jung, I. and Gunawardena, C. (eds.) (2014) <em>Culture and Online Learning: Global Perspectives and Research<\/em> Sterling VA: Stylus<\/p>\n<p>Laurillard, D. (2001)\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/Rethinking-University-Teaching-Routledge-2001\/dp\/B00DHO14WY\/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_2?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1402428736&amp;sr=1-2-fkmr0&amp;keywords=Laurillard%2C+D.+%282001%29+Rethinking+University+Teaching%3A+A+Conversational+Framework+for+the+Effective+Use+of+Learning+Technologies\">Rethinking University Teaching: A Conversational Framework for the Effective Use of Learning Technologies<\/a><\/em>\u00a0New York\/London: Routledge<\/p>\n<p>Marton, F. and Salj\u00f6, R. (1997) Approaches to learning, in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ed.ac.uk\/institute-academic-development\/learning-teaching\/research\/experience-of-learning\"><em>Marton, F.,\u00a0Hounsell, D. and Entwistle, N. (eds.) The experience of learning: Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press (<\/em><\/a>out of press, but available online)<\/p>\n<p>Paloff, R. and Pratt, K. (2005) <em>Collaborating Online: Learning Together in Community<\/em> San Francisco: Jossey-Bass<\/p>\n<p>Paloff, R. and Pratt, K. (2007) Building Online Learning Communities: Effective Strategies for the Virtual Classroom San Francisco: Jossey-Bass<\/p>\n<p>Pask, G. (1975) <em><a href=\"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/f80c\/b5dfec9518933d96015d0e3371033ccb71db.pdf\">Conversation, Cognition and Learning<\/a><\/em> Amsterdam\/London: Elsevier (out of press, but available online)<\/p>\n<p>Salmon, G. (2000) <em>e-Moderating: The Key to Teaching and Learning Online<\/em> London: Taylor and Francis<\/p>\n<p>Scardamalia, M. and Bereiter, C. (2006) Knowledge Building: \u00a0Theory, pedagogy and technology in Sawyer, K. 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