{"id":260,"date":"2015-02-01T15:17:55","date_gmt":"2015-02-01T15:17:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/chapter\/10-3-comparing-delivery-methods\/"},"modified":"2023-05-11T10:53:03","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T10:53:03","slug":"10-3-comparing-delivery-methods","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/chapter\/10-3-comparing-delivery-methods\/","title":{"raw":"9.2 \u60c5\u5831\u914d\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03","rendered":"9.2 \u60c5\u5831\u914d\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03"},"content":{"raw":"\"Print\"<\/a>\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_2008\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"746\"]\"Figure<\/a> \u56f39.2.1.\u3000\u3069\u308c\u304c\u6700\u826f\u306a\u306e\u304b[\/caption]\n\n\"Print\"<\/a>\n

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9.2.1 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9060\u9694\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/h1>\n

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Wedemeyer, 1981; Peters, 1983; Holmberg, 1989; Keegan, 1990; Moore and Kearsley, 1996; Peters, 2002; Bates, 2005; Evans et al., 2008 \u306a\u3069\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u306a\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5358\u7d14\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u597d\u304d\u306a\u6642\u9593\u306b\u597d\u304d\u306a\u5834\u6240\uff08\u81ea\u5b85\u3001\u8077\u5834\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u3067\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u4f1a\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4eca\u65e5\u3067\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u3068\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u3059\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u3001\u88dc\u52a9\u6559\u54e1\u3001\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3068\u300c\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u300d\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

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1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u306e\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3\u5927\u5b66\u304c\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5317\u7c73\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u3082\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5225\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u7279\u5316\u3057\u305f ADDIE \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u6210\u679c\u3001\u8cea\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u30de\u30eb\u30c1\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u6559\u6750\u306e\u5236\u4f5c\u3001\u8a08\u753b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u3068\u95a2\u4e0e\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8ddd\u96e2\u306b\u8ca0\u3051\u306a\u3044\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u91cd\u70b9\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u30011990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6e96\u5099\u304c\u6574\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u53d7\u8b1b\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3001\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u3067\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u3068\u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u767a\u63ee\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u4fee\u4e86\u7387\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u901a\u5b66\u751f\u306e5\u301c10\uff05\u4ee5\u5185\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002(Ontario, 2011<\/a> \u53c2\u7167) \u9060\u9694\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u30d5\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3084\u5bb6\u65cf\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6570\u5b57\u306f\u3084\u3084\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306b\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3001\u8cea\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u9577\u5e74\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u7279\u306b\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u591a\u3044\u5546\u696d\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30a3\u30d7\u30ed\u30de\u30fb\u30df\u30eb\uff08\u5b66\u4f4d\u3092\u4e71\u767a\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u554f\u6c34\u6e96\u306e\u4f4e\u3044\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\uff09\u304c\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8a55\u5224\u3092\u6c5a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5168\u3066\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u3082\u4e0b\u624b\u306b\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u304c\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u306b\u8a2d\u8a08\u3055\u308c\u3001\u8cea\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u516c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u3084\u9060\u9694\u5730\u5728\u4f4f\u3067\u5168\u65e5\u5236\u8ab2\u7a0b\u306b\u901a\u5b66\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u306a\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3001\u901a\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3082\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3068\u91cd\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3055\u3089\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u79d1\u76ee\u3092\u5c65\u4fee\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u90fd\u5408\u304c\u8b1b\u7fa9\u306e\u30b9\u30b1\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u5408\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u306a\u3069\u306b\u5fdc\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u4e0a\u624b\u304f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3069\u3093\u306a\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u3082\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u6210\u529f\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u54c1\u8cea\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306e\u307f\u5b9f\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u306f\u7121\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u652f\u63f4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u512a\u308c\u305f\u5b9f\u8df5\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3001\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3082\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u578b\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021970\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u534a\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u5de5\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u6559\u80b2\u3084\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u8a66\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f Roxanne Hiltz \u3084 Murray Turoff\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30bf\u30ea\u30aa\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u306e Marlene Scardamalia \u3084 Paul Bereiter\u3001\u30b5\u30a4\u30e2\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u5927\u5b66\u306e Linda Harasim \u306a\u3069\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u5185\u3084\u5b66\u6821\u74b0\u5883\u5185\u3067\u306e\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u50cd\u5b66\u7fd2\u304a\u3088\u3073\u77e5\u8b58\u69cb\u7bc9\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\n\n\u6b8b\u5ff5\u306a\u304c\u3089\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u4e0d\u6163\u308c\u306a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5b66\u6821\u3084\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u512a\u308c\u305f\u5b9f\u8df5\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5358\u306b\u8b1b\u7fa9\u578b\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3092\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u8ee2\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u6e08\u307e\u305b\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u4e0d\u6e80\u8db3\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7834\u6ec5\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u62db\u3044\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a3c\u62e0\u3082\u6570\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n

9.2.2 \u7814\u7a76\u304b\u3089\u5206\u304b\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/h1>\n

\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u5b66\u7fd2\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306a\u3069\u306e\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u306e\u6559\u6388\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u4f55\u5343\u3068\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u30e1\u30bf\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e1\u30bf\u7814\u7a76\u3068\u306f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u300c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u4e00\u81f4\u6bd4\u8f03\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6e96\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002 (Means et al., 2011; Barnard et al., 2014) \u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u300c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u300d\u30e1\u30bf\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5168\u3066\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u6210\u7e3e\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u9593\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306a\u3044\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u4ed8\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001Means et al. (2011) \u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u6559\u80b2\u7701\u5411\u3051\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u30e1\u30bf\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3001\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\n

\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6307\u5c0e\u306e\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u6388\u696d\u3068\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6388\u696d\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6e96\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u306e\u306f\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u8a2d\u8a08\u30fb\u5b9f\u65bd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u52aa\u529b\u306e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5358\u72ec\u3067\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u6559\u5ba4\u3067\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3055\u307b\u3069\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\nMeans et al. \u306f\u3001\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u3084\u3084\u5411\u4e0a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6210\u679c\u306b\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u307f\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u914d\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u9055\u3044\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306b\u539f\u56e0\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u77e5\u898b\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002Tamim et al. (2011) \u306f40\u5e74\u306b\u6e21\u308b\u300c\u3088\u304f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u300d\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002Tamim et al. \u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u305f\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3001\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u591a\u5c11\u826f\u3044\u6210\u7e3e\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u306b\u306f\u5dee\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n

\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u5229\u7528\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u8cea\u3001\u79d1\u76ee\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5e74\u9f62\u3001\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u5c0e\u5165\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3082\u3063\u3068\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u3068\u8b70\u8ad6\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/blockquote>\n\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5bb9\u6613\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u5909\u6570\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u3042\u308b\u5909\u6570\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001Wilbur Schramm \u304c1977\u5e74\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65e9\u3044\u6642\u671f\u306b\u6295\u3052\u304b\u3051\u305f\u8cea\u554f\u3092\u8003\u3048\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\n
\u3069\u306e\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u304c\u3069\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u6700\u3082\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3069\u3093\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3067\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3002<\/blockquote>\n\u914d\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3069\u308c\u304c\u6700\u9ad8\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u30fb\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u30fb\u5b8c\u5168\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u6700\u3082\u9069\u3057\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u300d\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3079\u304d\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\n\n\u5e78\u3044\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3068\u512a\u308c\u305f\u5b9f\u8df5\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002(\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001Anderson, 2008; Picciano et al., 2013; Halverson et al., 2013; Zawacki-Richter and Anderson, 2014\u53c2\u7167\u3002) \u76ae\u8089\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306b\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3082\u591a\u304f\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3051\u308c\u3069\u3082\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u5f0f\u306b\u72ec\u7279\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u512a\u308c\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\n

9.2.3 \u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b<\/h1>\n\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3078\u306e\u8ca2\u732e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u6c7a\u7740\u304c\u3064\u304b\u306a\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u6570\u591a\u304f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u8108\u3067\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u884c\u3044\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u3067\u884c\u3046\u3079\u304d\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8003\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6388\u696d\u3088\u308a\u3082\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8003\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3084\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u307b\u3093\u306e\u308f\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3059\u304c\u5168\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u512a\u52e2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5fb4\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u901a\u5b66\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3084\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u6570\u304c\u591a\u3059\u304e\u3066\u5b66\u751f\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30e9\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u307b\u3093\u306e\u308f\u305a\u304b\u3057\u304b\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u6642\u306b\u306e\u307f\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\n\n\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u9762\u3067\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u554f\u3046\u3079\u304d\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n
\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u72ec\u7279\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u3002<\/blockquote>\n\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6388\u696d\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u4f55\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3082\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u300c\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u306e\u9b54\u6cd5\u300d(Sarma, 2013)\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3046\u307e\u3044\u8868\u73fe\u3084\u3001\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f\u8005\u3060\u3051\u304c\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u3067\u306e\u6388\u696d\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9ad8\u984d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u578b\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3078\u306e\u516c\u5171\u6295\u8cc7\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u306a\u305c\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u7279\u5225\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u8a3c\u62e0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u7406\u8ad6\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3057\u304b\u308b\u3079\u304d\u6642\u304c\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306f9.6\u7bc0\u3067\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8b70\u8ad6\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\n\u3072\u3068\u307e\u305a\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u30fb\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u30fb\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u914d\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u9032\u3081\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\n
\n

\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc9.2\u3000\u300c\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u306e\u9b54\u6cd5\u300d\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n1. \u300c\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u306e\u9b54\u6cd5\u300d\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u826f\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u6700\u3082\u5927\u5207\u306a\u70b9\u3092\uff13\u3064\u66f8\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\n\n2. \u540c\u3058\u3053\u3068\u304c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u6559\u80b2\u3067\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u306e\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\n\n<\/div>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/h1>\nAnderson, A. (ed.) (2008) The Theory and Practice of Online Learning<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>Athabasca AB: Athabasca University Press\n\nBarnard, R. et al. (2014) Detecting bias in meta-analyses of distance education research: big pictures we can rely on Distance Education<\/em> Vol. 35, No. 3\n\nBates, A.W. (2005) Technology, e-Learning and Distance Education<\/a><\/em> London\/New York: Routledge\n\nEvans, T., Haughey, M. and Murphy, D. (2008) International Handbook of Distance Education<\/em>\u00a0Bingley UK: Emerald Publishing\n

Halverson, L. R., Graham, C. R., Spring, K. J., & Drysdale, J. S. (2012). 'An analysis of high impact scholarship and publication trends in blended learning'\u00a0Distance Education<\/i>,\u00a0Vol. 33, No. 3<\/p>\n

Holmberg, B. (1989)\u00a0Theory and Practice of Distance Education<\/em> New York: Routledge<\/p>\n

Jaschik, S. and Letterman, D. (2016)\u00a0The 2016 Inside Higher Ed Survey of\u00a0Faculty Attitudes to Technology<\/a><\/em>\u00a0Washington DC: Inside Higher Ed<\/p>\n

Keegan, D. (ed.) \u00a0(1990) Theoretical Principles of Distance Education<\/em> London\/New York: Routledge<\/p>\n

Means, B. et al. (2009)\u00a0Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies<\/a><\/em>\u00a0Washington, DC: US Department of Education<\/p>\n

Moore, M. and Kearsley, G. (1996) Distance Education: A Systems View<\/em> Belmont CA: Wadsworth<\/p>\n

Ontario (2011) Fact Sheet Summary of Ontario eLearning Surveys of Publicly Assisted PSE Institutions<\/em><\/a> Toronto: Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities<\/p>\n

Peters, O. (1983) Distance education and industrial production, in Sewart et al. (eds.) Distance Education: International Perspectives<\/em> London: Croom Helm<\/p>\n

Peters, O. (2002) Distance Education in Transition: New Trends and Challenges<\/em> Oldenberg FGR: Biblothecks und Informationssystemder Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenberg<\/p>\n

Picciano, A., Dziuban, C. and & Graham, C. (eds.), Blended Learning: Research Perspectives, Volume 2<\/i>. New York: Routledge, 2013<\/p>\n

Schramm, W. (1977) Big Media, Little Media<\/em> Beverley Hills CA\/London: Sage<\/p>\n

Sarma, S. (2013) The Magic of the Campus<\/em><\/a> Boston MA: LINC 2013 conference<\/p>\nTamim, R. et al. (2011) 'What Forty Years of Research Says About the Impact of Technology on Learning:\u00a0A Second-Order Meta-Analysis and Validation Study'\u00a0Review of Educational Research<\/em>, Vol. 81, No. 1\n\nWedemeyer, C. (1981) Learning at\u00a0the Back Door: Reflections on Non-traditional Learning in the Lifespan<\/em> Madison: University of Wisconsin Press\n\nZawacki-Richter, O. and Anderson, T. (eds.) (2014) Online Distance Education: Towards a Research Agenda<\/a><\/em> Athabasca AB: AU\u00a0Press, pp. 508","rendered":"

\"Print\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Figure<\/a>
\u56f39.2.1.\u3000\u3069\u308c\u304c\u6700\u826f\u306a\u306e\u304b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\"Print\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u7814\u7a76\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u904e\u534a\u6570\u304c\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u305d\u3082\u305d\u3082\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6388\u696d\u3088\u308a\u52a3\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070Jaschik and Letterman, 2014\uff09\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3092\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8a3c\u62e0\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u8a3c\u62e0\u3067\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u5b66\u7fd2\u304c\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u6210\u679c\u306e\u70b9\u3067\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u3088\u308a\u3082\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

9.2.1 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9060\u9694\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/h1>\n

\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u304b\u3089\u591a\u304f\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u7d50\u5c40\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u5358\u306a\u308b\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u4e00\u5f62\u614b\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

Wedemeyer, 1981; Peters, 1983; Holmberg, 1989; Keegan, 1990; Moore and Kearsley, 1996; Peters, 2002; Bates, 2005; Evans et al., 2008 \u306a\u3069\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u306a\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5358\u7d14\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u597d\u304d\u306a\u6642\u9593\u306b\u597d\u304d\u306a\u5834\u6240\uff08\u81ea\u5b85\u3001\u8077\u5834\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u3067\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u4f1a\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4eca\u65e5\u3067\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u3068\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u3059\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u3001\u88dc\u52a9\u6559\u54e1\u3001\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3068\u300c\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u300d\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

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1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u306e\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3\u5927\u5b66\u304c\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5317\u7c73\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u3082\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5225\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u7279\u5316\u3057\u305f ADDIE \u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u6210\u679c\u3001\u8cea\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u30de\u30eb\u30c1\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u6559\u6750\u306e\u5236\u4f5c\u3001\u8a08\u753b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u3068\u95a2\u4e0e\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8ddd\u96e2\u306b\u8ca0\u3051\u306a\u3044\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u91cd\u70b9\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u30011990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6e96\u5099\u304c\u6574\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u53d7\u8b1b\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3001\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u3067\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u3068\u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u767a\u63ee\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u4fee\u4e86\u7387\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u901a\u5b66\u751f\u306e5\u301c10\uff05\u4ee5\u5185\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002(Ontario, 2011<\/a> \u53c2\u7167) \u9060\u9694\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u30d5\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3084\u5bb6\u65cf\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6570\u5b57\u306f\u3084\u3084\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306b\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3001\u8cea\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u9577\u5e74\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u7279\u306b\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u591a\u3044\u5546\u696d\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30a3\u30d7\u30ed\u30de\u30fb\u30df\u30eb\uff08\u5b66\u4f4d\u3092\u4e71\u767a\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u554f\u6c34\u6e96\u306e\u4f4e\u3044\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\uff09\u304c\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8a55\u5224\u3092\u6c5a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5168\u3066\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u3082\u4e0b\u624b\u306b\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u304c\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u306b\u8a2d\u8a08\u3055\u308c\u3001\u8cea\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u516c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u3084\u9060\u9694\u5730\u5728\u4f4f\u3067\u5168\u65e5\u5236\u8ab2\u7a0b\u306b\u901a\u5b66\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u306a\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3001\u901a\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3082\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3068\u91cd\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3055\u3089\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u79d1\u76ee\u3092\u5c65\u4fee\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30d0\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u90fd\u5408\u304c\u8b1b\u7fa9\u306e\u30b9\u30b1\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u5408\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u306a\u3069\u306b\u5fdc\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u4e0a\u624b\u304f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3069\u3093\u306a\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u3082\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u6210\u529f\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u54c1\u8cea\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306e\u307f\u5b9f\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u306f\u7121\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u652f\u63f4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u512a\u308c\u305f\u5b9f\u8df5\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3001\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3082\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u578b\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021970\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u534a\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u5de5\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u6559\u80b2\u3084\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u8a66\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f Roxanne Hiltz \u3084 Murray Turoff\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30bf\u30ea\u30aa\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u306e Marlene Scardamalia \u3084 Paul Bereiter\u3001\u30b5\u30a4\u30e2\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u5927\u5b66\u306e Linda Harasim \u306a\u3069\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u5185\u3084\u5b66\u6821\u74b0\u5883\u5185\u3067\u306e\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5354\u50cd\u5b66\u7fd2\u304a\u3088\u3073\u77e5\u8b58\u69cb\u7bc9\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b8b\u5ff5\u306a\u304c\u3089\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u4e0d\u6163\u308c\u306a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5b66\u6821\u3084\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u512a\u308c\u305f\u5b9f\u8df5\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5358\u306b\u8b1b\u7fa9\u578b\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3092\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u8ee2\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u6e08\u307e\u305b\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u4e0d\u6e80\u8db3\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7834\u6ec5\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u62db\u3044\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a3c\u62e0\u3082\u6570\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

9.2.2 \u7814\u7a76\u304b\u3089\u5206\u304b\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/h1>\n

\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u5b66\u7fd2\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306a\u3069\u306e\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u306e\u6559\u6388\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u9060\u9694\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u4f55\u5343\u3068\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u30e1\u30bf\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e1\u30bf\u7814\u7a76\u3068\u306f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u300c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u4e00\u81f4\u6bd4\u8f03\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6e96\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002 (Means et al., 2011; Barnard et al., 2014) \u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u300c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u300d\u30e1\u30bf\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5168\u3066\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u6210\u7e3e\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u9593\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306a\u3044\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u4ed8\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001Means et al. (2011) \u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u6559\u80b2\u7701\u5411\u3051\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u30e1\u30bf\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3001\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6307\u5c0e\u306e\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u6388\u696d\u3068\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6388\u696d\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6e96\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u306e\u306f\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u8a2d\u8a08\u30fb\u5b9f\u65bd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u52aa\u529b\u306e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5358\u72ec\u3067\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u6559\u5ba4\u3067\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3055\u307b\u3069\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Means et al. \u306f\u3001\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u3084\u3084\u5411\u4e0a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6210\u679c\u306b\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u307f\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u914d\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u9055\u3044\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306b\u539f\u56e0\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u77e5\u898b\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002Tamim et al. (2011) \u306f40\u5e74\u306b\u6e21\u308b\u300c\u3088\u304f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u300d\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002Tamim et al. \u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u3057\u305f\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3001\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u591a\u5c11\u826f\u3044\u6210\u7e3e\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u306b\u306f\u5dee\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u5229\u7528\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u8cea\u3001\u79d1\u76ee\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5e74\u9f62\u3001\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u5c0e\u5165\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3082\u3063\u3068\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u3068\u8b70\u8ad6\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5bb9\u6613\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u5909\u6570\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u3042\u308b\u5909\u6570\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001Wilbur Schramm \u304c1977\u5e74\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65e9\u3044\u6642\u671f\u306b\u6295\u3052\u304b\u3051\u305f\u8cea\u554f\u3092\u8003\u3048\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3069\u306e\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u304c\u3069\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u6700\u3082\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3069\u3093\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3067\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u914d\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3069\u308c\u304c\u6700\u9ad8\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u30fb\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u30fb\u5b8c\u5168\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u6700\u3082\u9069\u3057\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u300d\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3079\u304d\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e78\u3044\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3068\u512a\u308c\u305f\u5b9f\u8df5\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002(\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001Anderson, 2008; Picciano et al., 2013; Halverson et al., 2013; Zawacki-Richter and Anderson, 2014\u53c2\u7167\u3002) \u76ae\u8089\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306b\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3082\u591a\u304f\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3051\u308c\u3069\u3082\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u5f0f\u306b\u72ec\u7279\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u512a\u308c\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

9.2.3 \u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b<\/h1>\n

\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3078\u306e\u8ca2\u732e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u6c7a\u7740\u304c\u3064\u304b\u306a\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u6570\u591a\u304f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u8108\u3067\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u884c\u3044\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u3067\u884c\u3046\u3079\u304d\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8003\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6388\u696d\u3088\u308a\u3082\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8003\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3084\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u307b\u3093\u306e\u308f\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3059\u304c\u5168\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u512a\u52e2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5fb4\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u901a\u5b66\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3084\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u6570\u304c\u591a\u3059\u304e\u3066\u5b66\u751f\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30e9\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u307b\u3093\u306e\u308f\u305a\u304b\u3057\u304b\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u6642\u306b\u306e\u307f\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u9762\u3067\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u554f\u3046\u3079\u304d\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u72ec\u7279\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6388\u696d\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u4f55\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3082\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u300c\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u306e\u9b54\u6cd5\u300d(Sarma, 2013)\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3046\u307e\u3044\u8868\u73fe\u3084\u3001\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f\u8005\u3060\u3051\u304c\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u3067\u306e\u6388\u696d\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9ad8\u984d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u578b\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3078\u306e\u516c\u5171\u6295\u8cc7\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u306a\u305c\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u7279\u5225\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u8a3c\u62e0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u7406\u8ad6\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3057\u304b\u308b\u3079\u304d\u6642\u304c\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306f9.6\u7bc0\u3067\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8b70\u8ad6\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3072\u3068\u307e\u305a\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u30fb\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u30fb\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u914d\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u9032\u3081\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc9.2\u3000\u300c\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u306e\u9b54\u6cd5\u300d\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n

1. \u300c\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u306e\u9b54\u6cd5\u300d\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u826f\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u6700\u3082\u5927\u5207\u306a\u70b9\u3092\uff13\u3064\u66f8\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u540c\u3058\u3053\u3068\u304c\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u6559\u80b2\u3067\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u306e\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Anderson, A. (ed.) (2008) The Theory and Practice of Online Learning<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>Athabasca AB: Athabasca University Press<\/p>\n

Barnard, R. et al. (2014) Detecting bias in meta-analyses of distance education research: big pictures we can rely on Distance Education<\/em> Vol. 35, No. 3<\/p>\n

Bates, A.W. (2005) Technology, e-Learning and Distance Education<\/a><\/em> London\/New York: Routledge<\/p>\n

Evans, T., Haughey, M. and Murphy, D. (2008) International Handbook of Distance Education<\/em>\u00a0Bingley UK: Emerald Publishing<\/p>\n

Halverson, L. R., Graham, C. R., Spring, K. J., & Drysdale, J. S. (2012). ‘An analysis of high impact scholarship and publication trends in blended learning’\u00a0Distance Education<\/i>,\u00a0Vol. 33, No. 3<\/p>\n

Holmberg, B. (1989)\u00a0Theory and Practice of Distance Education<\/em> New York: Routledge<\/p>\n

Jaschik, S. and Letterman, D. (2016)\u00a0The 2016 Inside Higher Ed Survey of\u00a0Faculty Attitudes to Technology<\/a><\/em>\u00a0Washington DC: Inside Higher Ed<\/p>\n

Keegan, D. (ed.) \u00a0(1990) Theoretical Principles of Distance Education<\/em> London\/New York: Routledge<\/p>\n

Means, B. et al. (2009)\u00a0Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies<\/a><\/em>\u00a0Washington, DC: US Department of Education<\/p>\n

Moore, M. and Kearsley, G. (1996) Distance Education: A Systems View<\/em> Belmont CA: Wadsworth<\/p>\n

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