{"id":343,"date":"2015-03-04T14:36:08","date_gmt":"2015-03-04T14:36:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/chapter\/12-5-conditions-of-exployment\/"},"modified":"2023-05-11T10:54:07","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T10:54:07","slug":"12-5-conditions-of-exployment","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/chapter\/12-5-conditions-of-exployment\/","title":{"raw":"12.4 \u96c7\u7528\u6761\u4ef6","rendered":"12.4 \u96c7\u7528\u6761\u4ef6"},"content":{"raw":"<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-large-line.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"26\"><\/a>\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_2306\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"742\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/03\/Lecture-theatre-2.jpg\"><img class=\" wp-image-342\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/Lecture-theatre-2.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 12.4 Class size affects the capacity to develop the skills and knowledge needed in a digital age\" width=\"742\" height=\"481\"><\/a> \u56f312.4.1 \u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u4eba\u6570\u306f\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3068\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u4f38\u3070\u3059\u80fd\u529b\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002[\/caption]\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-2.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"13\"><\/a>\n\n\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u96c7\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5909\u5316\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u884c\u3046\u500b\u3005\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\n<h1>12.4.1 \u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u4eba\u6570<\/h1>\n\u6700\u3082\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u306e\u306f\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u4eba\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308c\u3070\u9593\u9055\u3044\u306a\u304f\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u9762\u3067\u306e\u3042\u308b\u7a2e\u306e\u7bc0\u7d04\u304c\u9054\u6210\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tonybates.ca\/2013\/12\/23\/productivity-and-online-learning-redux\/\">Bates, 2013<\/a>\u00a0\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09\uff11\u4eba\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4f55\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u6700\u9069\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9b54\u6cd5\u306e\u6570\u5b57\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7ae0\u3067\u898b\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3092\u4f38\u3070\u3059\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6559\u79d1\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u9593\u306b\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u300d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u3084\u308a\u53d6\u308a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u9808\u3067\u3059\u3002\n\n\u6559\u6388\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3067\u4ee3\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3092\u6df1\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u4f38\u3070\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6b20\u304b\u305b\u306a\u3044\u3001\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u6570\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u6559\u54e1\u5b66\u751f\u9593\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3050\u306b\u9650\u754c\u304c\u6765\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u6700\u3082\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u6025\u901f\u306b\u5931\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002(Carey and Trick, 2013)\n\n\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5927\u304d\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u3084\u77ed\u5927\u3067\u306f\u3001\u898f\u6a21\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u306f\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u5411\u3051\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u304c\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u306b\u3082\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3057\u3001\uff13\u30fb\uff14\u5e74\u751f\u3067\u3055\u3048\u6570\u767e\u4eba\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5272\u5408\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u306a\u3093\u3068\u304b\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u304f\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u898f\u6a21\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u4f55\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u8a66\u307f\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<h1>12.4.2 \u5951\u7d04\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306e\u5897\u52a0<\/h1>\n\u904e\u53bb20\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5317\u7c73\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306e\u6700\u3082\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5909\u5316\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d42\u8eab\u5730\u4f4d\u4fdd\u8a3c\u306e\u306a\u3044\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u3067\u3059\u30022002\u5e74\u304b\u30892012\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5165\u5b66\u304c40\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u5168\u571f\u3067\u306f\u5b66\u90e8\u3078\u306e\u5165\u5b66\u8005\u6570\u304c\u7206\u767a\u7684\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u7d42\u8eab\u5730\u4f4d\u306e\u4fdd\u8a3c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u6559\u6388\u306e\u6570\u304c\u5897\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\u304b\u30892006\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9593\u306b\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u6570\u306f\u500d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u7d42\u8eab\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u4fdd\u8a3c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u6559\u6388\u306e\u6570\u306f10\uff05\u6e1b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002(Chiose, 2015) \u305d\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u306f\u7c73\u56fd\u3067\u3088\u308a\u5287\u7684\u3067\u3057\u305f\u30022008\u5e74\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u5371\u6a5f\u3067\u306f\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u306f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6253\u6483\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\n\n\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u6709\u529b\u7d19\u3067\u3042\u308b The Globe and Mail\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067 Simona Chiose \u304c2015\u5e74\u306b\u3053\u3046\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<blockquote>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u306f\u3001\u5f93\u4e8b\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\u306e\uff13\u5206\u306e\uff11\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u5145\u3066\u308b\u7d42\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u884c\u3046\u4f59\u88d5\u306f\u3082\u306f\u3084\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u3001\u59a5\u5f53\u306a\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u6559\u5ba4\u306b\u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30d5\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u5dee\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u5951\u7d04\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3084\u6559\u80b2\u5c02\u9580\u306e\u6559\u8077\u54e1\u306b\u983c\u3089\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/blockquote>\n\u975e\u5e38\u52e4\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3084\u4efb\u671f\u5236\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\u5f53\u8a72\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u535a\u58eb\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u8077\u696d\u7684\u306a\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u3088\u308a\u5f37\u304f\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u52d9\u7d4c\u9a13\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3067\u306f\u5951\u7d04\u8b1b\u5e2b\u306e\u7d44\u5408 (CUPE) \u306f\u6bce\u5e74\u63a1\u7528\u306b\u518d\u5fdc\u52df\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u4efb\u671f\u5236\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u3001\u8907\u6570\u5e74\u306e\u5951\u7d04\u3092\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u6226\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u3092\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001\u7d44\u5408\u304c\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u7d42\u8eab\u96c7\u7528\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u4efb\u671f\u5236\u306e\u5951\u7d04\u3088\u308a\u3082\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306b\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u3001\u512a\u5148\u7684\u306b\u4efb\u671f\u5236\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8077\u304c\u5b89\u5b9a\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\n\u8fd1\u5e74\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8b66\u6212\u3059\u3079\u304d\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u5897\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u751f\u3092\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u98a8\u6f6e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u306e200\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u5bfe\u9762\u6388\u696d\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u578b\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u63a1\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u5f93\u6765\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u8b1b\u7fa9\u578b\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3092\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u578b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a2d\u8a08\u3057\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u76ee\u7acb\u3064\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u3067\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u591a\u3044\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u6bd4\u7387\u306f\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\uff11\uff1a100\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u5168\u54e1\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u6388\u696d\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u6559\u3048\u308b\u8ffd\u52a0\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306f\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\n\n\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u53d7\u8b1b\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u9055\u3046\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5272\u5408\u306f\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u5b66\u90e8\u3067\u306f40\u4eba\u672a\u6e80\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u3067\u306f30\u4eba\u672a\u6e80\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u898f\u6a21\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306f\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u306e\u517c\u4efb\u6559\u54e1\u3084\u52a9\u6559\u6388\u3092\u5951\u7d04\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u307e\u304b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u517c\u4efb\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u8cc3\u91d1\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u6559\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u898b\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3001\u77ed\u3044\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4e8b\u524d\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u6388\u696d\u6599\u3092\u6255\u3046\u3068\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u3067\u5951\u7d04\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3092\u96c7\u3046\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u5341\u5206\u307e\u304b\u306a\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u624b\u9803\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002 (Bates and Poole, 2003)\n\n\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u9ad8\u5b66\u5e74\u306e\u5b66\u90e8\u751f\u3084\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u751f\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u3057\u305f\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3082\u300c\u6700\u826f\u306e\u6388\u696d\u5b9f\u8df5\u300d\u306b\u306f\u7a0b\u9060\u3044\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5f62\u614b\u304c\u958b\u767a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\n\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7406\u7531\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7279\u306b\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li>\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5bfe\u9762\u5f0f\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3068\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u6388\u696d\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u914d\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3082\u9055\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u7570\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5371\u967a\u306b\u6e80\u3061\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u3001\u81e8\u6642\u8077\u54e1\u3001\u5951\u7d04\u8b1b\u5e2b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u3069\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u306e\u4eba\u306b\u3084\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046\u304b\u306f\u3001\u512a\u308c\u305f\u6559\u80b2\u5b9f\u8df5\u3088\u308a\u3082\u8ca1\u653f\u7684\u306a\u70b9\u3067\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306a\u306e\u304b\u975e\u5e38\u52e4\u8b1b\u5e2b\u306a\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u8ca1\u653f\u9762\u3084\u6559\u80b2\u9762\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u3084\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u751f\u306b\u8ca1\u653f\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3001\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u306a\u8003\u3048\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3084\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u30ad\u30e3\u30ea\u30a2\u3092\u7a4d\u307f\u305f\u3044\u535a\u58eb\u904e\u7a0b\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u96c7\u7528\u3067\u306e\u9700\u8981\u3068\u4f9b\u7d66\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u306a\u3069\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3069\u3044\u3044\u5272\u5408\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u7406\u7cfb\u6559\u79d1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u5185\u5bb9\u3067\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u63a1\u70b9\u3084\u81ea\u52d5\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8cea\u3092\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3055\u305b\u305a\u306b\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5b9f\u8df5\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5668\u5177\u306e\u5171\u6709\u3084\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u3092\u76e3\u8996\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u4f4e\u3044\u5272\u5408\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>MOOC \u306f\u3001\u7d42\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u304c\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3001\u5358\u4f4d\u8a8d\u5b9a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u3055\u3048\u3001\u3088\u308a\u4f4e\u3044\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u62e1\u5f35\u3067\u304d\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff08\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\uff09\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8b66\u544a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u578b\u3084\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306b\u904e\u5270\u306b\u983c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u3082\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u3082\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li>\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5bfe\u9762\u5f0f\u306e\u6388\u696d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u578b\u3084\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u60c5\u5831\u4f1d\u9054\u306b\u983c\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u4e0d\u8db3\u3084\u7d4c\u9a13\u4e0d\u8db3\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u578b\u3084\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u578b\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u653e\u68c4\u3084\u4e0d\u6e80\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u7279\u306b\uff11\u5e74\u751f\u3084\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u5b66\u7fd2\u3059\u308b\u6642\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6559\u6388\u3082\u5b66\u751f\u3082\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u578b\u3084\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u578b\u3067\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u6559\u5ba4\u3067\u884c\u3046\u6388\u696d\u306b\u306f\u52a3\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u6559\u8077\u54e1\u3001\u7279\u306b\u6559\u8077\u54e1\u7d44\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u4e8b\u52d9\u5c40\u306e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u7b56\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3084\u304c\u3066\u7d42\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u306e\u96c7\u7528\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5b9f\u65bd\u3092\u963b\u3082\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u5bfe\u9762\u5f0f\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306b\u3001\u306a\u305c\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306f\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u307e\u305a\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u306a\u304f\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306f\u3001\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u304c\u4eba\u6570\u306e\u591a\u3044\uff11\u5e74\u751f\u306e\u5bfe\u9762\u5f0f\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3067\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u304d\u3061\u3093\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3051\u308c\u3069\u3082\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3084\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u306f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5206\u91ce\u3084\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u3084\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u3084\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u5206\u91ce\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u3066\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u3068\u53cd\u5fa9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u5206\u91ce\u3092\u6df1\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u3084\u308a\u53d6\u308a\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u79d1\u76ee\u3092\u3001\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306b\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff08\u5e38\u306b\u4f8b\u5916\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304c\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u8a71\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3084\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u3067\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u975e\u5e38\u52e4\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3092\u96c7\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\n<h1>12.4.3 \u898b\u3066\u898b\u306c\u3075\u308a<\/h1>\n\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u52e4\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3084\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3092\u96a0\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8ab0\u3082\u304c\u8a71\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u4eba\u6570\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u8981\u56e0\u304c\uff12\u3064\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li>\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u306e\u6559\u6750\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30d9\u30c6\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u6559\u6388\u306f\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u4e0a\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6ce8\u529b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u4eba\u6570\u3092\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u305f\u304c\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u306f\u56f0\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u8cbb\u7528\u3092\u6255\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6388\u696d\u6599\u53ce\u5165\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u304b\u3089\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u3082\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u3088\u308a\u3082\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3092\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u591a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d4c\u9a13\u8c4a\u5bcc\u306a\u7d42\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8ca0\u62c5\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8efd\u304f\u3001\u5148\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30aa\u30f3\u30bf\u30ea\u30aa\u5dde\u306e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u54c1\u8cea\u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a\u306e\u5831\u544a\u66f8 (Jonker and Hicks, 2014) \u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3082\u3057\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u9045\u308c\u3092\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6559\u6388\u304c\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u6642\u9593\u30922\u500d\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5dde\u5168\u4f53\u30671,500\u4eba\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059\u306e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4e2d\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u8ffd\u52a0\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4eba\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>12.4.4 \u6559\u54e1\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u5897\u52a0<\/h1>\n\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u304c\u5897\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u304b\u306a\u308a\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3082\u5897\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li>\u7d42\u8eab\u96c7\u7528\u3067\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3059\u308b\u6559\u6388\u306b\u306f\u9ad8\u3044\u5b66\u6b74\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u5168\u304f\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306b\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6709\u80fd\u306a\u5951\u7d04\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3084\u975e\u5e38\u52e4\u8b1b\u5e2b\u306f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u306f\u8077\u80fd\u958b\u767a\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u5168\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306b\u306f\u4e2d\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u5168\u304f\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u8077\u52d9\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8077\u696d\u6280\u8853\u6307\u5c0e\u54e1\u306f\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u3092\u591a\u5c11\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306f\u5341\u5206\u306b\u7a4d\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u7279\u5316\u3057\u305f\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u304c\u5897\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7406\u7531\u3068\u305d\u306e\u610f\u7fa9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8077\u304c\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3084\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3082\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u53d7\u3051\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u6c17\u6301\u3061\u3082\u751f\u307e\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\n<h1>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h1>\nBates, A. and Poole, G. (2003) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Effective-Teaching-Technology-Higher-Education\/dp\/0787960349\"><em>Effective Teaching with Technology in Higher Education: Foundations for Success<\/em><\/a> San Francisco: Jossey-Bass\n\nBates, T. (2103) Productivity and online learning redux, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tonybates.ca\/2013\/12\/23\/productivity-and-online-learning-redux\/\">Online Learning and Distance Education Resources<\/a>, December 23\n\nCarey, T., &amp; Trick, D. (2013). <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.heqco.ca\/SiteCollectionDocuments\/How_Online_Learning_Affects_Productivity-ENG.pdf\">How Online Learning Affects Productivity, Cost and Quality in Higher Education: An Environmental Scan and Review of the Literature<\/a>.<\/em> Toronto: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario\n\nJonker, L. and Hicks, M. (2014)\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.heqco.ca\/SiteCollectionDocuments\/FINAL%20Teaching%20Loads%20and%20Research%20Outputs%20ENG.pdf\">Teaching Loads and Research Outputs of Ontario University Faculty: Implications for Productivity and Differentiation<\/a><\/em> Toronto: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario","rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-large-line.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"26\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg 755w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-300x10.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-65x2.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-225x8.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-350x12.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2306\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2306\" style=\"width: 742px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/03\/Lecture-theatre-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-342\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/Lecture-theatre-2.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 12.4 Class size affects the capacity to develop the skills and knowledge needed in a digital age\" width=\"742\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/Lecture-theatre-2.jpg 1002w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/Lecture-theatre-2-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/Lecture-theatre-2-768x497.jpg 768w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/Lecture-theatre-2-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/Lecture-theatre-2-225x146.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/Lecture-theatre-2-350x227.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 742px) 100vw, 742px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2306\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56f312.4.1 \u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u4eba\u6570\u306f\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3068\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u4f38\u3070\u3059\u80fd\u529b\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"13\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg 755w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-300x5.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-65x1.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-225x4.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-350x6.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u96c7\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5909\u5316\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u884c\u3046\u500b\u3005\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>12.4.1 \u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u4eba\u6570<\/h1>\n<p>\u6700\u3082\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u306e\u306f\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u4eba\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308c\u3070\u9593\u9055\u3044\u306a\u304f\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u9762\u3067\u306e\u3042\u308b\u7a2e\u306e\u7bc0\u7d04\u304c\u9054\u6210\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tonybates.ca\/2013\/12\/23\/productivity-and-online-learning-redux\/\">Bates, 2013<\/a>\u00a0\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09\uff11\u4eba\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4f55\u4eba\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u6700\u9069\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9b54\u6cd5\u306e\u6570\u5b57\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7ae0\u3067\u898b\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3092\u4f38\u3070\u3059\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6559\u79d1\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u9593\u306b\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u300d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u3084\u308a\u53d6\u308a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u9808\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6559\u6388\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3067\u4ee3\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3092\u6df1\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u4f38\u3070\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6b20\u304b\u305b\u306a\u3044\u3001\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u6570\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u6559\u54e1\u5b66\u751f\u9593\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3050\u306b\u9650\u754c\u304c\u6765\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u6700\u3082\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u6025\u901f\u306b\u5931\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002(Carey and Trick, 2013)<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5927\u304d\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u3084\u77ed\u5927\u3067\u306f\u3001\u898f\u6a21\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u306f\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u5411\u3051\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u304c\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u306b\u3082\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3057\u3001\uff13\u30fb\uff14\u5e74\u751f\u3067\u3055\u3048\u6570\u767e\u4eba\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5272\u5408\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u306a\u3093\u3068\u304b\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u304f\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u898f\u6a21\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u4f55\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u8a66\u307f\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>12.4.2 \u5951\u7d04\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306e\u5897\u52a0<\/h1>\n<p>\u904e\u53bb20\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5317\u7c73\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306e\u6700\u3082\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5909\u5316\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d42\u8eab\u5730\u4f4d\u4fdd\u8a3c\u306e\u306a\u3044\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u3067\u3059\u30022002\u5e74\u304b\u30892012\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5165\u5b66\u304c40\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u5168\u571f\u3067\u306f\u5b66\u90e8\u3078\u306e\u5165\u5b66\u8005\u6570\u304c\u7206\u767a\u7684\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u7d42\u8eab\u5730\u4f4d\u306e\u4fdd\u8a3c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u6559\u6388\u306e\u6570\u304c\u5897\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\u304b\u30892006\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9593\u306b\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u6570\u306f\u500d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u7d42\u8eab\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u4fdd\u8a3c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u6559\u6388\u306e\u6570\u306f10\uff05\u6e1b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002(Chiose, 2015) \u305d\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u306f\u7c73\u56fd\u3067\u3088\u308a\u5287\u7684\u3067\u3057\u305f\u30022008\u5e74\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u5371\u6a5f\u3067\u306f\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u306f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6253\u6483\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u6709\u529b\u7d19\u3067\u3042\u308b The Globe and Mail\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067 Simona Chiose \u304c2015\u5e74\u306b\u3053\u3046\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u306f\u3001\u5f93\u4e8b\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\u306e\uff13\u5206\u306e\uff11\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u5145\u3066\u308b\u7d42\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u884c\u3046\u4f59\u88d5\u306f\u3082\u306f\u3084\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u3001\u59a5\u5f53\u306a\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u6559\u5ba4\u306b\u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30d5\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u5dee\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u5951\u7d04\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3084\u6559\u80b2\u5c02\u9580\u306e\u6559\u8077\u54e1\u306b\u983c\u3089\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u975e\u5e38\u52e4\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3084\u4efb\u671f\u5236\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\u5f53\u8a72\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u535a\u58eb\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u8077\u696d\u7684\u306a\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u3088\u308a\u5f37\u304f\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u52d9\u7d4c\u9a13\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3067\u306f\u5951\u7d04\u8b1b\u5e2b\u306e\u7d44\u5408 (CUPE) \u306f\u6bce\u5e74\u63a1\u7528\u306b\u518d\u5fdc\u52df\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u4efb\u671f\u5236\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u3001\u8907\u6570\u5e74\u306e\u5951\u7d04\u3092\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u6226\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u3092\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001\u7d44\u5408\u304c\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u7d42\u8eab\u96c7\u7528\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u4efb\u671f\u5236\u306e\u5951\u7d04\u3088\u308a\u3082\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306b\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u3001\u512a\u5148\u7684\u306b\u4efb\u671f\u5236\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8077\u304c\u5b89\u5b9a\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8b66\u6212\u3059\u3079\u304d\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u5897\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u751f\u3092\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u98a8\u6f6e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u306e200\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u5bfe\u9762\u6388\u696d\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u578b\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u63a1\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u5f93\u6765\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u8b1b\u7fa9\u578b\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3092\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u578b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a2d\u8a08\u3057\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u76ee\u7acb\u3064\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u3067\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u591a\u3044\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u6bd4\u7387\u306f\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\uff11\uff1a100\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u5168\u54e1\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u6388\u696d\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u6559\u3048\u308b\u8ffd\u52a0\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306f\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u53d7\u8b1b\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u9055\u3046\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5272\u5408\u306f\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u5b66\u90e8\u3067\u306f40\u4eba\u672a\u6e80\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u3067\u306f30\u4eba\u672a\u6e80\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u898f\u6a21\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306f\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u306e\u517c\u4efb\u6559\u54e1\u3084\u52a9\u6559\u6388\u3092\u5951\u7d04\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u307e\u304b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u517c\u4efb\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u8cc3\u91d1\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u6559\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u898b\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3001\u77ed\u3044\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4e8b\u524d\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u6388\u696d\u6599\u3092\u6255\u3046\u3068\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u3067\u5951\u7d04\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3092\u96c7\u3046\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u5341\u5206\u307e\u304b\u306a\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u624b\u9803\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002 (Bates and Poole, 2003)<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u9ad8\u5b66\u5e74\u306e\u5b66\u90e8\u751f\u3084\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u751f\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u3057\u305f\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3082\u300c\u6700\u826f\u306e\u6388\u696d\u5b9f\u8df5\u300d\u306b\u306f\u7a0b\u9060\u3044\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5f62\u614b\u304c\u958b\u767a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7406\u7531\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7279\u306b\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5bfe\u9762\u5f0f\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3068\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306e\u6388\u696d\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u914d\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3082\u9055\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u7570\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5371\u967a\u306b\u6e80\u3061\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u3001\u81e8\u6642\u8077\u54e1\u3001\u5951\u7d04\u8b1b\u5e2b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u3069\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u306e\u4eba\u306b\u3084\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046\u304b\u306f\u3001\u512a\u308c\u305f\u6559\u80b2\u5b9f\u8df5\u3088\u308a\u3082\u8ca1\u653f\u7684\u306a\u70b9\u3067\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306a\u306e\u304b\u975e\u5e38\u52e4\u8b1b\u5e2b\u306a\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u8ca1\u653f\u9762\u3084\u6559\u80b2\u9762\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u3084\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u751f\u306b\u8ca1\u653f\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3001\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u306a\u8003\u3048\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3084\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u30ad\u30e3\u30ea\u30a2\u3092\u7a4d\u307f\u305f\u3044\u535a\u58eb\u904e\u7a0b\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u96c7\u7528\u3067\u306e\u9700\u8981\u3068\u4f9b\u7d66\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u306a\u3069\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3069\u3044\u3044\u5272\u5408\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u7406\u7cfb\u6559\u79d1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u5185\u5bb9\u3067\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u63a1\u70b9\u3084\u81ea\u52d5\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8cea\u3092\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3055\u305b\u305a\u306b\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5b9f\u8df5\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5668\u5177\u306e\u5171\u6709\u3084\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u3092\u76e3\u8996\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u4f4e\u3044\u5272\u5408\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>MOOC \u306f\u3001\u7d42\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u304c\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3001\u5358\u4f4d\u8a8d\u5b9a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u3055\u3048\u3001\u3088\u308a\u4f4e\u3044\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u62e1\u5f35\u3067\u304d\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff08\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\uff09\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8b66\u544a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u578b\u3084\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306b\u904e\u5270\u306b\u983c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u3082\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u3082\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5bfe\u9762\u5f0f\u306e\u6388\u696d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u578b\u3084\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u60c5\u5831\u4f1d\u9054\u306b\u983c\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u4e0d\u8db3\u3084\u7d4c\u9a13\u4e0d\u8db3\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u578b\u3084\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u578b\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u653e\u68c4\u3084\u4e0d\u6e80\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u7279\u306b\uff11\u5e74\u751f\u3084\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u5b66\u7fd2\u3059\u308b\u6642\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5b66\u7fd2\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6559\u6388\u3082\u5b66\u751f\u3082\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u578b\u3084\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u578b\u3067\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u6559\u5ba4\u3067\u884c\u3046\u6388\u696d\u306b\u306f\u52a3\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6559\u8077\u54e1\u3001\u7279\u306b\u6559\u8077\u54e1\u7d44\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u4e8b\u52d9\u5c40\u306e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u7b56\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3084\u304c\u3066\u7d42\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u306e\u96c7\u7528\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5b9f\u65bd\u3092\u963b\u3082\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5bfe\u9762\u5f0f\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306b\u3001\u306a\u305c\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306f\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u307e\u305a\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u306a\u304f\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306f\u3001\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u304c\u4eba\u6570\u306e\u591a\u3044\uff11\u5e74\u751f\u306e\u5bfe\u9762\u5f0f\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3067\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u304d\u3061\u3093\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3051\u308c\u3069\u3082\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3084\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u306f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5206\u91ce\u3084\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u3084\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u3084\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u5206\u91ce\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u3066\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u3068\u53cd\u5fa9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u5206\u91ce\u3092\u6df1\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u3068\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u3084\u308a\u53d6\u308a\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u79d1\u76ee\u3092\u3001\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306b\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff08\u5e38\u306b\u4f8b\u5916\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304c\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u8a71\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3084\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c9\u578b\u3067\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u975e\u5e38\u52e4\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3092\u96c7\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>12.4.3 \u898b\u3066\u898b\u306c\u3075\u308a<\/h1>\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u52e4\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3084\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3092\u96a0\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8ab0\u3082\u304c\u8a71\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u4eba\u6570\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u8981\u56e0\u304c\uff12\u3064\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u306e\u6559\u6750\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30d9\u30c6\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u6559\u6388\u306f\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u4e0a\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6ce8\u529b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u4eba\u6570\u3092\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u305f\u304c\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u5e74\u751f\u306f\u56f0\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u8cbb\u7528\u3092\u6255\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6388\u696d\u6599\u53ce\u5165\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u304b\u3089\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u3082\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u3088\u308a\u3082\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3092\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u591a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d4c\u9a13\u8c4a\u5bcc\u306a\u7d42\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8ca0\u62c5\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8efd\u304f\u3001\u5148\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30aa\u30f3\u30bf\u30ea\u30aa\u5dde\u306e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u54c1\u8cea\u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a\u306e\u5831\u544a\u66f8 (Jonker and Hicks, 2014) \u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3082\u3057\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u9045\u308c\u3092\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6559\u6388\u304c\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u6642\u9593\u30922\u500d\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5dde\u5168\u4f53\u30671,500\u4eba\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059\u306e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4e2d\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u8ffd\u52a0\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4eba\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>12.4.4 \u6559\u54e1\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u5897\u52a0<\/h1>\n<p>\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u304c\u5897\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u304b\u306a\u308a\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3082\u5897\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7d42\u8eab\u96c7\u7528\u3067\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3059\u308b\u6559\u6388\u306b\u306f\u9ad8\u3044\u5b66\u6b74\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u5168\u304f\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306b\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6709\u80fd\u306a\u5951\u7d04\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3084\u975e\u5e38\u52e4\u8b1b\u5e2b\u306f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u306f\u8077\u80fd\u958b\u767a\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u5168\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8b1b\u7fa9\u52a9\u624b\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306b\u306f\u4e2d\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u5168\u304f\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8077\u52d9\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8077\u696d\u6280\u8853\u6307\u5c0e\u54e1\u306f\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u3092\u591a\u5c11\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306f\u5341\u5206\u306b\u7a4d\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u7279\u5316\u3057\u305f\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u304c\u5897\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7406\u7531\u3068\u305d\u306e\u610f\u7fa9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u672c\u66f8\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8077\u304c\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3084\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3082\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u53d7\u3051\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u6c17\u6301\u3061\u3082\u751f\u307e\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h1>\n<p>Bates, A. and Poole, G. (2003) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Effective-Teaching-Technology-Higher-Education\/dp\/0787960349\"><em>Effective Teaching with Technology in Higher Education: Foundations for Success<\/em><\/a> San Francisco: Jossey-Bass<\/p>\n<p>Bates, T. (2103) Productivity and online learning redux, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tonybates.ca\/2013\/12\/23\/productivity-and-online-learning-redux\/\">Online Learning and Distance Education Resources<\/a>, December 23<\/p>\n<p>Carey, T., &amp; Trick, D. (2013). <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.heqco.ca\/SiteCollectionDocuments\/How_Online_Learning_Affects_Productivity-ENG.pdf\">How Online Learning Affects Productivity, Cost and Quality in Higher Education: An Environmental Scan and Review of the Literature<\/a>.<\/em> Toronto: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario<\/p>\n<p>Jonker, L. and Hicks, M. (2014)\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.heqco.ca\/SiteCollectionDocuments\/FINAL%20Teaching%20Loads%20and%20Research%20Outputs%20ENG.pdf\">Teaching Loads and Research Outputs of Ontario University Faculty: Implications for Productivity and Differentiation<\/a><\/em> Toronto: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-343","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":332,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/343\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":344,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/343\/revisions\/344"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/332"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/343\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=343"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=343"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}