{"id":97,"date":"2015-04-06T05:25:45","date_gmt":"2015-04-06T05:25:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/chapter\/3-5-apprenticeship-learning-by-doing-1\/"},"modified":"2023-05-11T10:51:03","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T10:51:03","slug":"3-5-apprenticeship-learning-by-doing-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/chapter\/3-5-apprenticeship-learning-by-doing-1\/","title":{"raw":"3.5 \u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\uff1a\u5b9f\u8df5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b66\u3076\uff081\uff09","rendered":"3.5 \u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\uff1a\u5b9f\u8df5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b66\u3076\uff081\uff09"},"content":{"raw":"<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-large-line.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"26\"><\/a><\/h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_317\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"744\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2014\/08\/apprentices-2.jpg\"><img class=\" wp-image-95\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/apprentices-2.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 2.6 BMW Group UK Apprentice Recruitment, 2013 Image: \u00a9 Motoring Insight, 2013\" width=\"744\" height=\"463\"><\/a> \u56f33.5.1 \u82f1\u56fdBMW\u306e\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u69d8\u5b50, 2013\u5e74<br>\u5199\u771f: \u00a9 Motoring Insight, 2013[\/caption]\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-2.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"13\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<h1>3.5.1 \u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h1>\n\u5b9f\u8df5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b66\u3076\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u614b\u306f Pratt \u304c\u63d0\u5531\u3059\u308b\uff15\u3064\u306e\u6559\u6388\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\uff11\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002 (Pratt &amp; Johnson, 1998) \u00a0Bloom \u3089\u304c\u7cbe\u795e\u904b\u52d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb (psycho-motor skills) \u3092\u7b2c\uff13\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u9818\u57df\u3068\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f1956\u5e74\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5b9f\u8df5\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u904b\u52d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb (motor skills) \u3092\u6559\u3048\u308b\u969b\u306b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u904b\u52d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u8ee2\u8eca\u306b\u4e57\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u3001\u3042\u308b\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u5834\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5b9f\u7fd2\u3001\u7814\u4fee\u533b\u3001\u5b9f\u9a13\u5ba4\u3067\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306a\u3069\u304c\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\n\u5b9f\u969b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u62ec\u308a\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3084\u7528\u8a9e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f\u7d4c\u9a13\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u3001\u5354\u540c\u5b66\u7fd2\u3001\u5192\u967a\u5b66\u7fd2\u3001\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306a\u3069\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306b\u6307\u3059\u7528\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u7d4c\u9a13\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\n\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u3068\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u5b9f\u8df5\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u5b66\u3070\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\uff11\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8077\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u7d4c\u9a13\u3092\u7a4d\u3093\u3060\u8077\u4eba\u3084\u898b\u7fd2\u3044\u3092\u7d42\u3048\u305f\u8077\u4eba\u304c\u624b\u672c\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u898b\u7fd2\u3044\u5de5\u306f\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u4f5c\u696d\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u8077\u4eba\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f8c\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u643a\u308f\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u3092\uff08\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u6697\u793a\u7684\u306b\uff09\u8a13\u7df4\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3082\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u9818\u57df\u3067\u5fdc\u7528\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\n\n\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306f\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3067\u3082\u3001\u7279\u306b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u54e1\u990a\u6210\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u304b\u3064\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u307e\u305a\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7d4c\u9a13\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u306f\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<h1>3.5.2 \u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u7279\u5fb4<\/h1>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-large-line.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"26\"><\/a><\/h2>\n&nbsp;\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_347\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"450\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2014\/08\/Apprentice-woman-2.jpg\"><img class=\" wp-image-96\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Apprentice-woman-2.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 3.5.3.2 An apprentice being supervised Image: \u00a9 BBC, 2014\" width=\"450\" height=\"452\"><\/a> \u56f3\u00a03.5.3.2\u3000\u76e3\u7763\u6307\u5c0e\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5f92\u5f1f\u5de5<br>Image: \u00a9 BBC, 2014[\/caption]\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-2.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"13\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<blockquote>\n<blockquote>\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306f\u76ee\u306b\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5ff5\u982d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u304a\u304f\u306e\u304c\u826f\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u5f62\u614b\u306b\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u3068\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\uff11\u3064\u306e\u6349\u3048\u65b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u3084\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u306f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3068\u65b9\u7565\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u767a\u9054\u6bb5\u968e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5927\u62b5\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u4e00\u6b69\u5f15\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304b\u3089\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u304a\u304f\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u3001\u4fe1\u983c\u306b\u5024\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u3067\u72ec\u7279\u306a\u3001\u672c\u7269\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6e26\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5b66\u3093\u3067\u3044\u304f\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">Pratt and Johnson, 1998<\/p>\nSch\u00f6n (1983) \u306f\u3001\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u300c\u304d\u3061\u3093\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u554f\u984c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3001\u66d6\u6627\u3060\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u4e0d\u660e\u78ba\u3060\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u3060\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u6301\u3064\u300d\u5b9f\u8df5\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u3046\u307e\u304f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5b66\u3076\u3053\u3068\uff08\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u30fb\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6587\u8108\u3067\u5b66\u7fd2\u6210\u679c\u3092\u5fdc\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3078\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3082\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u305f\u3061\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b9f\u8df5\u3001\u6163\u7fd2\u3001\u4fa1\u5024\u89b3\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\nPratt and Johnson (1998) \u306f\u300c\u3042\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u9818\u57df\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7fd2\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7279\u306b\u512a\u308c\u305f\u6280\u80fd\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u517c\u306d\u5099\u3048\u308b\u4eba\u300d<em>\u3068<\/em>\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u30de\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30d7\u30e9\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30fc\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<ol>\n \t<li>\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u5c02\u9580\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u8c4a\u5bcc\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u5b9f\u8df5\u4e0a\u306e\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u5fdc\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3059\u3050\u306b\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\uff08\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u5730\u56f3\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5341\u5206\u306b\u6574\u5099\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b9\u7565\u306e\u30ec\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u3084\u6574\u7406\u304c\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u6280\u80fd\u3092\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u6587\u8108\u306b\u5fdc\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5b9f\u8df5\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u72ec\u81ea\u6027\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u904e\u7a0b\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304c\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u52d5\u6a5f\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5358\u306b\u898b\u305f\u76ee\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306e\u6210\u679c\u76ee\u6a19\u306e\u9054\u6210\u3084\u3001\u5831\u916c\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5b66\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u6697\u9ed9\u77e5\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li>\u5373\u8208\u7684\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u3084\u5224\u65ad<\/li>\n \t<li>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u3084\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u81ea\u899a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044<\/li>\n \t<li>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u3067\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u611f\u3058\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\u3055\u3089\u306b Pratt and Johnson (1998) \u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff12\u3064\u306e\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u3068\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u4f53\u9a13\u306f\u3001\u904b\u52d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3084\u624b\u5de5\u696d\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u306e\u990a\u6210\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6559\u3048\u308b\u5074\u3068\u5b66\u3076\u5074\u304c\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u306b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u306a\u304c\u3089\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u7fd2\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4f34\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<h1>3.5.3 \u5927\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236<\/h1>\n\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u9762\u3067\u306e\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u5f62\u614b\u306f\u904b\u52d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3084\u8eab\u4f53\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3057\u306b\u304f\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002Pratt and Johnson (1998) \u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u306f\u6559\u54e1\u3084\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u6280\u80fd\u3092\u5fdc\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u53cc\u65b9\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u306a\u304f\u3066\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304f\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\n\nPratt and Johnson (1998) \u3067\u306f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u30fb\u77e5\u7684\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\uff15\u3064\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3092\u63d0\u6848\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 (p. 99)\n<ol>\n \t<li>\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5fc3\u7684\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3084\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u6559\u54e1\u304b\u3089\u652f\u63f4\u3084\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\uff08\u8db3\u5834\u304b\u3051\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c1\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u3051\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u518d\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u6559\u54e1\u304b\u3089\u306e\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u5c11\u3057\u305a\u3064\u6e1b\u3089\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u5e83\u3052\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u8077\u696d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a31\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u4e00\u822c\u5316\uff1a\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308c\u3070\u305d\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u3046\u307e\u304f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u3046\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4fee\u6b63\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u8b70\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nPratt and Johnson (1998) \u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u6d45\u3044\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3092\u6319\u3052\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 (pp.100-101) \u307e\u305f\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u3067\u306f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u5834\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<blockquote>\u610f\u601d\u758e\u901a\u304c\u5341\u5206\u306b\u56f3\u308c\u308b\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3084\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u5834\u9762\u304b\u3089\u751f\u3058\u305f\u73fe\u5b9f\u306e\u5834\u9762\u306b\u672c\u683c\u7684\u306b\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u5165\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u7d4c\u9a13\u3092\u7a4d\u307f\u91cd\u306d\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u306e\u307f\u3001\u521d\u5fc3\u8005\u306f\u719f\u7df4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/blockquote>\n\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u8ab2\u984c\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306f\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u306f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u82e5\u624b\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u54e1\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u8077\u306b\u5c31\u3044\u305f\u4eba\u304c\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u6559\u308f\u3063\u305f\u6559\u6388\u305f\u3061\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u81ea\u305a\u3068\u6559\u3048\u65b9\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u904b\u3092\u5929\u306b\u4efb\u305b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\n<h1>3.5.4 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u5b66\u7fd2<\/h1>\n\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u9762\u6388\u696d\u3067\u3082\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u6388\u696d\u3067\u3082\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u5bfe\u9762\u3068\u306e\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u3067\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6700\u9069\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\n\n\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6559\u6750\u3092\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u4e0a\u306b\u79fb\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7406\u7531\u306e\uff11\u3064\u306f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8077\u696d\u3067\u6025\u901f\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u5de5\u5b66\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u5de5\u5b66\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u3044\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u300c\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u300d\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306f\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3082\u5bfe\u9762\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3046\u307e\u304f\u6271\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u898b\u7fd2\u3044\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u306e\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306f\u52e4\u52d9\u6642\u9593\u5916\u3067\u3082\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u96c7\u7528\u4e3b\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6642\u9593\u306e\u7bc0\u7d04\u306b\u3082\u306a\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002\n\n\u4e00\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u30d0\u30f3\u30af\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30fb\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u30fb\u30ab\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8\u306b\u306f\u3001\uff11\u30bb\u30e1\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc13\u9031\u3067\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8eca\u306e\u30dc\u30c7\u30a3\u306e\u4fee\u7406\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u5b9f\u7fd2\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u65e2\u306b\u5c31\u696d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3051\u308c\u3069\u3082\u307e\u3060\u8cc7\u683c\u306f\u53d6\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5dde\u5185\u306e\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300110\u9031\u5206\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3092\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d0\u30f3\u30af\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30fb\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u30fb\u30ab\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u3001\u8eca\u306e\u30dc\u30c7\u30a3\u306e\u4fee\u7406\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3084\u5b9f\u8df5\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u591a\u6570\u306e\u6620\u50cf\u306e\u8996\u8074\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u53d7\u8b1b\u751f\u306f\u5168\u3066\u3001\u65e2\u306b\u719f\u7df4\u8077\u4eba\u306e\u76e3\u7763\u4e0b\u3067\u50cd\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6620\u50cf\u3067\u898b\u305f\u624b\u9806\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u305d\u306e\u76e3\u7763\u4e0b\u3067\u5b9f\u8df5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u7fd2\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\uff13\u9031\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u51fa\u5411\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6280\u80fd\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u624b\u307b\u3069\u304d\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a66\u9a13\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6280\u80fd\u3092\u4fee\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8005\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306b\u623b\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6280\u80fd\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u304c\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u3044\u53d7\u8b1b\u751f\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\n\n\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u534a\u9060\u9694\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u3068\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9593\u3067\u306e\u5354\u529b\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5927\u5b66\u306f\u3001\u8077\u5834\u306e\u300c\u89aa\u65b9\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8077\u4eba\u3068\u306e\u5354\u50cd\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u8077\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u304c\u8457\u3057\u304f\u4e0d\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6280\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u306e\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u3092\u719f\u9054\u3057\u305f\u8077\u4eba\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<h1>3.5.5 \u9577\u6240\u3068\u77ed\u6240<\/h1>\n\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u9577\u6240\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8981\u7d04\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li>\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u5b66\u7fd2\u304c\u8907\u96d1\u304b\u3064\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3074\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3068\u306f\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u73fe\u5b9f\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u7d20\u65e9\u304f\u9069\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u6559\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u901a\u5e38\u696d\u52d9\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u5185\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6642\u9593\u3092\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u3079\u304d\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3084\u76ee\u6a19\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3092\u305d\u306e\u8077\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4fa1\u5024\u89b3\u3084\u898f\u7bc4\u306b\u9806\u5fdc\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u4ed6\u65b9\u3001\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u3068\u308b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u3066\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u54e1\u3092\u80b2\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u7279\u306b\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<ul>\n \t<li>\u5c02\u9580\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u591a\u5c90\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3086\u3063\u304f\u308a\u3068\u7a4d\u307f\u4e0a\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5e2b\u5320\uff08\u6559\u3048\u624b\uff09\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u6697\u793a\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u7a4d\u307f\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5206\u304b\u308a\u304d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3084\u300c\u6df1\u3044\u300d\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u56f0\u96e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306b\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4f55\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u63a8\u6e2c\u3057\u3001\u771f\u4f3c\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306f\u5b9f\u8df5\u306e\u69d8\u5b50\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u6280\u80fd\u3092\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3068\u671f\u5f85\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306f\u6a21\u7bc4\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3051\u306b\u983c\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u306b\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u6210\u529f\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5c40\u9762\u3092\u898b\u904e\u3054\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u6307\u5c0e\u3059\u308b\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u81ea\u8eab\u3082\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u52b4\u50cd\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u8077\u52d9\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5c02\u5ff5\u3057\u306a\u304f\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u306e\u8077\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u521d\u5fc3\u8005\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u6255\u3046\u6642\u9593\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u6b8b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3055\u3048\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\uff11\u4eba\u3067\u6307\u5c0e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306e\u6570\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u8077\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u306e\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u4e2d\u9000\u7387\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9ad8\u3044\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u30d6\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30fb\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30d3\u30a2\u5dde\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u898f\u306e\u901a\u5b66\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8077\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u578b\u306e\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u5165\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u3046\u3061\u300160\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u4fee\u4e86\u3067\u304d\u305a\u306b\u9000\u5b66\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u8cc7\u683c\u3092\u6301\u3064\u719f\u7df4\u8077\u4eba\u304c\u4e0d\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7d4c\u9a13\u3092\u7a4d\u3093\u3060\u8077\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u8cc7\u683c\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u8005\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u30ad\u30e3\u30ea\u30a2\u30fb\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u59a8\u3052\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3072\u3044\u3066\u306f\u7d4c\u6e08\u767a\u5c55\u306e\u505c\u6ede\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u8077\u5834\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u5909\u5316\u304c\u901f\u3044\u696d\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u4fee\u6b63\u3057\u305f\u308a\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u3001\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u9593\u306b\u5408\u308f\u306a\u3044\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8077\u5834\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u306f\u300c\u89aa\u65b9\u300d\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u4fa1\u5024\u89b3\u3084\u898f\u7bc4\u304c\u5e83\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3067\u306f\u3082\u306f\u3084\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u304c\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u304d\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u9650\u754c\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f8c\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3092\u898b\u308c\u3070\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u4fa1\u5024\u89b3\u3084\u898f\u7bc4\u304c\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3084\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u5927\u8846\u5316\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5916\u304b\u3089\u306e\u529b\u3068\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u304c\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u5897\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u3084\u306f\u308a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u304b\u3064\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5165\u308a\u7d44\u3093\u3060\u73fe\u5b9f\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc3.5 \u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u5fdc\u7528\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n<ol>\n \t<li>\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u306f\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u5927\u304d\u304f\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u70b9\u3067\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u4f3c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u70b9\u3067\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u70b9\u3067\u6539\u5584\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u6559\u5ba4\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3082\u3046\u307e\u304f\u6271\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u898b\u89e3\u306b\u8cdb\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u53cd\u5bfe\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n \t<li>\u898b\u7fd2\u3044\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u3092\u6559\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u5341\u5206\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4f55\u304c\u6b20\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h1>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h1>\nPratt, D. and Johnson, J. (1998) 'The Apprenticeship Perspective: Modelling Ways of Being' in Pratt, D. (ed.)\u00a0<em>Five Perspectives on Teaching in Adult and Higher Education<\/em>\u00a0Malabar FL: Krieger Publishing Company\n\nSch\u00f6n, D. (1983)\u00a0<em>The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action<\/em>\u00a0New York: Basic Books\n\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-large-line.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"26\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg 755w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-300x10.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-65x2.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-225x8.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-350x12.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_317\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-317\" style=\"width: 744px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2014\/08\/apprentices-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-95\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/apprentices-2.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 2.6 BMW Group UK Apprentice Recruitment, 2013 Image: \u00a9 Motoring Insight, 2013\" width=\"744\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/apprentices-2.jpg 610w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/apprentices-2-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/apprentices-2-65x40.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/apprentices-2-225x140.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/apprentices-2-350x217.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-317\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56f33.5.1 \u82f1\u56fdBMW\u306e\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u69d8\u5b50, 2013\u5e74<br \/>\u5199\u771f: \u00a9 Motoring Insight, 2013<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"13\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg 755w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-300x5.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-65x1.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-225x4.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-350x6.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<h1>3.5.1 \u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h1>\n<p>\u5b9f\u8df5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b66\u3076\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u614b\u306f Pratt \u304c\u63d0\u5531\u3059\u308b\uff15\u3064\u306e\u6559\u6388\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\uff11\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002 (Pratt &amp; Johnson, 1998) \u00a0Bloom \u3089\u304c\u7cbe\u795e\u904b\u52d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb (psycho-motor skills) \u3092\u7b2c\uff13\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u9818\u57df\u3068\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f1956\u5e74\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5b9f\u8df5\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u904b\u52d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb (motor skills) \u3092\u6559\u3048\u308b\u969b\u306b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u904b\u52d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u8ee2\u8eca\u306b\u4e57\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u3001\u3042\u308b\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u5834\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u5b66\u7fd2\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5b9f\u7fd2\u3001\u7814\u4fee\u533b\u3001\u5b9f\u9a13\u5ba4\u3067\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306a\u3069\u304c\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9f\u969b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u62ec\u308a\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3084\u7528\u8a9e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f\u7d4c\u9a13\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u3001\u5354\u540c\u5b66\u7fd2\u3001\u5192\u967a\u5b66\u7fd2\u3001\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306a\u3069\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306b\u6307\u3059\u7528\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u7d4c\u9a13\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u3068\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u5b9f\u8df5\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u5b66\u3070\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\uff11\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8077\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u7d4c\u9a13\u3092\u7a4d\u3093\u3060\u8077\u4eba\u3084\u898b\u7fd2\u3044\u3092\u7d42\u3048\u305f\u8077\u4eba\u304c\u624b\u672c\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u898b\u7fd2\u3044\u5de5\u306f\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u4f5c\u696d\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u8077\u4eba\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f8c\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u643a\u308f\u308b\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u3092\uff08\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u6697\u793a\u7684\u306b\uff09\u8a13\u7df4\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3082\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u9818\u57df\u3067\u5fdc\u7528\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306f\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3067\u3082\u3001\u7279\u306b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u54e1\u990a\u6210\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u304b\u3064\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u307e\u305a\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7d4c\u9a13\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u306f\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>3.5.2 \u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u7279\u5fb4<\/h1>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-large-line.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"26\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line.jpg 755w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-300x10.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-65x2.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-225x8.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Wei-large-line-350x12.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_347\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-347\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2014\/08\/Apprentice-woman-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-96\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Apprentice-woman-2.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 3.5.3.2 An apprentice being supervised Image: \u00a9 BBC, 2014\" width=\"450\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Apprentice-woman-2.jpg 546w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Apprentice-woman-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Apprentice-woman-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Apprentice-woman-2-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Apprentice-woman-2-225x225.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Apprentice-woman-2-350x351.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-347\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56f3\u00a03.5.3.2\u3000\u76e3\u7763\u6307\u5c0e\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5f92\u5f1f\u5de5<br \/>Image: \u00a9 BBC, 2014<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/01\/Wei-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"755\" height=\"13\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2.jpg 755w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-300x5.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-65x1.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-225x4.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wei-2-350x6.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306f\u76ee\u306b\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5ff5\u982d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u304a\u304f\u306e\u304c\u826f\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u5f62\u614b\u306b\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u3068\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\uff11\u3064\u306e\u6349\u3048\u65b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u3084\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u306f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3068\u65b9\u7565\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u767a\u9054\u6bb5\u968e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5927\u62b5\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u4e00\u6b69\u5f15\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304b\u3089\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u304a\u304f\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u3001\u4fe1\u983c\u306b\u5024\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u3067\u72ec\u7279\u306a\u3001\u672c\u7269\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6e26\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5b66\u3093\u3067\u3044\u304f\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">Pratt and Johnson, 1998<\/p>\n<p>Sch\u00f6n (1983) \u306f\u3001\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u300c\u304d\u3061\u3093\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u554f\u984c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3001\u66d6\u6627\u3060\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u4e0d\u660e\u78ba\u3060\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u3060\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u6301\u3064\u300d\u5b9f\u8df5\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u3046\u307e\u304f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5b66\u3076\u3053\u3068\uff08\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u30fb\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6587\u8108\u3067\u5b66\u7fd2\u6210\u679c\u3092\u5fdc\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3078\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3082\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u305f\u3061\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b9f\u8df5\u3001\u6163\u7fd2\u3001\u4fa1\u5024\u89b3\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Pratt and Johnson (1998) \u306f\u300c\u3042\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u9818\u57df\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7fd2\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7279\u306b\u512a\u308c\u305f\u6280\u80fd\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u517c\u306d\u5099\u3048\u308b\u4eba\u300d<em>\u3068<\/em>\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u30de\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30d7\u30e9\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30fc\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u5c02\u9580\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u8c4a\u5bcc\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u5b9f\u8df5\u4e0a\u306e\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u5fdc\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3059\u3050\u306b\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\uff08\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u5730\u56f3\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5341\u5206\u306b\u6574\u5099\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b9\u7565\u306e\u30ec\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u3084\u6574\u7406\u304c\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u6280\u80fd\u3092\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u6587\u8108\u306b\u5fdc\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9f\u8df5\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u72ec\u81ea\u6027\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u904e\u7a0b\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304c\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u52d5\u6a5f\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5358\u306b\u898b\u305f\u76ee\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306e\u6210\u679c\u76ee\u6a19\u306e\u9054\u6210\u3084\u3001\u5831\u916c\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5b66\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6697\u9ed9\u77e5\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5373\u8208\u7684\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u3084\u5224\u65ad<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u3084\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u81ea\u899a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u3067\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u611f\u3058\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u3055\u3089\u306b Pratt and Johnson (1998) \u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff12\u3064\u306e\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u3068\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b66\u7fd2\u4f53\u9a13\u306f\u3001\u904b\u52d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3084\u624b\u5de5\u696d\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u306e\u990a\u6210\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6559\u3048\u308b\u5074\u3068\u5b66\u3076\u5074\u304c\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u306b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u306a\u304c\u3089\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u7fd2\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4f34\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>3.5.3 \u5927\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236<\/h1>\n<p>\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u9762\u3067\u306e\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u5b66\u7fd2\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u5f62\u614b\u306f\u904b\u52d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3084\u8eab\u4f53\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3057\u306b\u304f\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002Pratt and Johnson (1998) \u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u306f\u6559\u54e1\u3084\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u6280\u80fd\u3092\u5fdc\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u53cc\u65b9\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u306a\u304f\u3066\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304f\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5fdc\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Pratt and Johnson (1998) \u3067\u306f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u30fb\u77e5\u7684\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\uff15\u3064\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3092\u63d0\u6848\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 (p. 99)<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6559\u54e1\u306f\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5fc3\u7684\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3084\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u6559\u54e1\u304b\u3089\u652f\u63f4\u3084\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\uff08\u8db3\u5834\u304b\u3051\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c1\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u3051\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u518d\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u6559\u54e1\u304b\u3089\u306e\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u5c11\u3057\u305a\u3064\u6e1b\u3089\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u5e83\u3052\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u8077\u696d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a31\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u822c\u5316\uff1a\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308c\u3070\u305d\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u3046\u307e\u304f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u3046\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4fee\u6b63\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3068\u6559\u54e1\u304c\u8b70\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Pratt and Johnson (1998) \u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u6d45\u3044\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3092\u6319\u3052\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 (pp.100-101) \u307e\u305f\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u3067\u306f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u5834\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u610f\u601d\u758e\u901a\u304c\u5341\u5206\u306b\u56f3\u308c\u308b\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3084\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u5834\u9762\u304b\u3089\u751f\u3058\u305f\u73fe\u5b9f\u306e\u5834\u9762\u306b\u672c\u683c\u7684\u306b\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u304c\u5165\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u7d4c\u9a13\u3092\u7a4d\u307f\u91cd\u306d\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u306e\u307f\u3001\u521d\u5fc3\u8005\u306f\u719f\u7df4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u8ab2\u984c\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306f\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u306f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u82e5\u624b\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u54e1\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u8077\u306b\u5c31\u3044\u305f\u4eba\u304c\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u6559\u308f\u3063\u305f\u6559\u6388\u305f\u3061\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u81ea\u305a\u3068\u6559\u3048\u65b9\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u904b\u3092\u5929\u306b\u4efb\u305b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>3.5.4 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class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc3.5 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D. and Johnson, J. (1998) &#8216;The Apprenticeship Perspective: Modelling Ways of Being&#8217; in Pratt, D. (ed.)\u00a0<em>Five Perspectives on Teaching in Adult and Higher Education<\/em>\u00a0Malabar FL: Krieger Publishing Company<\/p>\n<p>Sch\u00f6n, D. (1983)\u00a0<em>The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action<\/em>\u00a0New York: Basic Books<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-97","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":80,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/97","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/97\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/97\/revisions\/98"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/80"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/97\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=97"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=97"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev1jpn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=97"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}