{"id":96,"date":"2014-09-23T10:47:17","date_gmt":"2014-09-23T14:47:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/chapter\/section-4-1-five-perspectives-on-teaching\/"},"modified":"2025-05-10T07:00:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-10T11:00:38","slug":"section-4-1-five-perspectives-on-teaching","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/chapter\/section-4-1-five-perspectives-on-teaching\/","title":{"raw":"3.1 Five perspectives on teaching","rendered":"3.1 Five perspectives on teaching"},"content":{"raw":"[caption id=\"attachment_3803\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"197\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/04\/Tony-in-Rio.jpg\"><img class=\" wp-image-18\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2025\/05\/Tony-in-Rio.jpg\" alt=\"For my personal comments on why I wrote this chapter on campus-based teaching methods, please click on the podcast below\" width=\"197\" height=\"263\"><\/a> For my personal comments on why I wrote this chapter on campus-based teaching methods, please click on the podcast below[\/caption]\n\n[audio mp3=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/08\/Campus-based-methods-2015-08-17-5.14-PM.mp3\"][\/audio]\n\n&nbsp;\n\nThe first thing to be said about teaching methods is that there is no law or rule that says teaching methods are driven by theories of learning. Especially in post-secondary education, most instructors would be surprised if their teaching was labelled as behaviourist\u00a0or\u00a0constructivist. On the other hand, it would be less than accurate to call such teaching 'theory-free'. We have seen how views about the nature of knowledge are likely to impact on preferred teaching methods. But it would be unwise to press this too hard. A great deal of teaching, at least at a post-secondary level, is based on an apprenticeship model of copying the same methods used by one's own teachers, then gradually refining them from experience, without a great deal of attention being paid to theories of how students actually learn.\n\nDan Pratt (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.ca\/Perspectives-Teaching-Adult-Higher-Education\/dp\/089464937X\">1998<\/a>) studied 253 teachers of adults, across five different countries, and identified '<em>five qualitatively different perspectives on teaching,...\u00a0presenting each perspective as a legitimate view of teaching<\/em>':\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>transmission<\/strong>: effective delivery of content (an objectivist approach)<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>apprenticeship<\/strong>: modelling ways of being (learning by doing under supervision)<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>developmental:<\/strong> cultivating ways of thinking (constructivist\/cognitivist)<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>nurturing:<\/strong> facilitating self-efficacy (a fundamental tenet of connectivist MOOCs)<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>social reform<\/strong>: seeking a better society.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIt can be seen\u00a0that each of these perspectives relates to theories of learning to some extent, and they help to drive methods of teaching. So in practical terms, I will\u00a0start by looking at some common methods of teaching, and assessing their appropriateness for developing the knowledge and skills outlined in Chapter 1.\n\nI will organise these various methods of teaching into two chapters.\u00a0The first chapter will discuss design models that derive from more traditional school or campus-based teaching, and the second chapter will be\u00a0focused on design models\u00a0that make more use of Internet\u00a0technologies, although we will see in Chapter 10 that these distinctions\u00a0are already beginning to\u00a0break down.\n<h2>References<\/h2>\nPratt, D. and Associates (1998) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.ca\/Perspectives-Teaching-Adult-Higher-Education\/dp\/089464937X\"><em>Five Perspectives on Teaching in Adult and Higher Education<\/em><\/a>\u00a0Malabar FL: Krieger Publishing Company","rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_3803\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3803\" style=\"width: 197px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/04\/Tony-in-Rio.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18\" src=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2025\/05\/Tony-in-Rio.jpg\" alt=\"For my personal comments on why I wrote this chapter on campus-based teaching methods, please click on the podcast below\" width=\"197\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2025\/05\/Tony-in-Rio.jpg 331w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2025\/05\/Tony-in-Rio-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2025\/05\/Tony-in-Rio-65x87.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 197px) 100vw, 197px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3803\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">For my personal comments on why I wrote this chapter on campus-based teaching methods, please click on the podcast below<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-96-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/08\/Campus-based-methods-2015-08-17-5.14-PM.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/08\/Campus-based-methods-2015-08-17-5.14-PM.mp3\">http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/teachinginadigitalage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2015\/08\/Campus-based-methods-2015-08-17-5.14-PM.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The first thing to be said about teaching methods is that there is no law or rule that says teaching methods are driven by theories of learning. Especially in post-secondary education, most instructors would be surprised if their teaching was labelled as behaviourist\u00a0or\u00a0constructivist. On the other hand, it would be less than accurate to call such teaching &#8216;theory-free&#8217;. We have seen how views about the nature of knowledge are likely to impact on preferred teaching methods. But it would be unwise to press this too hard. A great deal of teaching, at least at a post-secondary level, is based on an apprenticeship model of copying the same methods used by one&#8217;s own teachers, then gradually refining them from experience, without a great deal of attention being paid to theories of how students actually learn.<\/p>\n<p>Dan Pratt (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.ca\/Perspectives-Teaching-Adult-Higher-Education\/dp\/089464937X\">1998<\/a>) studied 253 teachers of adults, across five different countries, and identified &#8216;<em>five qualitatively different perspectives on teaching,&#8230;\u00a0presenting each perspective as a legitimate view of teaching<\/em>&#8216;:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>transmission<\/strong>: effective delivery of content (an objectivist approach)<\/li>\n<li><strong>apprenticeship<\/strong>: modelling ways of being (learning by doing under supervision)<\/li>\n<li><strong>developmental:<\/strong> cultivating ways of thinking (constructivist\/cognitivist)<\/li>\n<li><strong>nurturing:<\/strong> facilitating self-efficacy (a fundamental tenet of connectivist MOOCs)<\/li>\n<li><strong>social reform<\/strong>: seeking a better society.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It can be seen\u00a0that each of these perspectives relates to theories of learning to some extent, and they help to drive methods of teaching. So in practical terms, I will\u00a0start by looking at some common methods of teaching, and assessing their appropriateness for developing the knowledge and skills outlined in Chapter 1.<\/p>\n<p>I will organise these various methods of teaching into two chapters.\u00a0The first chapter will discuss design models that derive from more traditional school or campus-based teaching, and the second chapter will be\u00a0focused on design models\u00a0that make more use of Internet\u00a0technologies, although we will see in Chapter 10 that these distinctions\u00a0are already beginning to\u00a0break down.<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>Pratt, D. and Associates (1998) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.ca\/Perspectives-Teaching-Adult-Higher-Education\/dp\/089464937X\"><em>Five Perspectives on Teaching in Adult and Higher Education<\/em><\/a>\u00a0Malabar FL: Krieger Publishing Company<\/p>\n<div class=\"media-attributions clear\" prefix:cc=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/ns#\" prefix:dc=\"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/\"><h2>Media Attributions<\/h2><ul><li >epistemology       <\/li><\/ul><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-96","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":92,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/96","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/96\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":97,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/96\/revisions\/97"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/92"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/96\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=96"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=96"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openstudio.pub\/teachinginadigitalagev3m\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=96"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}