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6 Principles of UDL

Three sections showing principles of UDL, Engagement in green, Representation, and Action & Expression in gray.Three sections showing principles of UDL. Representation in purple, Engagement, and Action & Expression in gray.

Three sections showing principles of UDL. Representation in purple, Engagement, and Action & Expression in gray.
CAST (2024). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 3.0 [graphic organizer]. Lynnfield, MA: Author.

As already mentioned, building on a commitment to fostering learner agency, the UDL approach is centred around three broad, overlapping principles. In brief, explore the following tabs.

Directions: Select each tab on your left or use “right-facing arrow” [e.g. “>”] on your right to explore additional information about each UDL Principle. Note as a default setting, initially you are viewing multiple means of engagement principles.

Making these principles more memorable

It may be helpful for some to think about these three principles visually or dynamically. For example, multiple means of engagement could be imagined as an assortment of different hands reaching out to invite the student into the content. Multiple means of representation could be depicted as a dynamic collage of images, shapes, colours, and/or sounds, which shift into different patterns and forms. And multiple means of action and expression could be embodied by a busy art or music studio, with each participant working in a different medium to express a common theme: paint, clay, theatre, vocals, instruments, and so on.

Match the correct UDL principles with their descriptions

The distinctions among the three UDL principles can seem subtle at first. Take a moment to see if you can match these principles to brief descriptions of each, by dragging and dropping the words below all three descriptions into the correct spots. If you need to, refer back to the explanations of these principles, presented above.

 

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Designing Online Courses through UDL Lens Copyright © 2026 by Manitoba Flexible Learning Hub is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.