Practice It!

Exercise 1: Read the introduction paragraph, the body paragraph, and the four conclusion paragraphs below. Decide which is the most suitable conclusion paragraph (A, B, C, or D) after considering the function, features, and content of each.

The Most Diverse City

     Since the end of World War II, Canada has had one of the highest rates of immigration in the world. This fact reflects the concept of “multiculturalism” that has been Canada’s official policy since 1971. Multiculturalism is defined as “an ideal of equality and mutual respect among a population’s ethnic and cultural groups” (Burnet & Driedger, 2014). Many communities and cities in Canada have embraced multiculturalism as a way to enrich local culture by introducing novel customs and ideas. One well-known example is the city of Toronto, recognized for its diverse population. In fact, Toronto is considered to be the world’s most multicultural city due to a number of factors.

     Toronto, Canada’s largest city, can be called the most diverse city in the world for at least three reasons. To begin with, after the mayor of London, England claimed in 2017 that his city was the most multicultural, BBC Radio tried to confirm it. Instead, the BBC named Toronto the most diverse city in the world (“World’s Most Diverse,” n.d.) primarily because fifty percent of Toronto’s three million inhabitants were born outside of Canada. Hence, people have come to Canada from all over the world. In fact, the population of Toronto is made up of over 230 nationalities. Finally, in just this one city, over 140 languages and dialects are used to communicate (“Toronto Population,” n.d.). This data is reflected in Toronto’s city motto which is “Diversity, our strength.” While diversity is difficult to determine, the points cited above strongly support Toronto’s claim as the world’s most multicultural city.

[Conclusion —]

References

Burnet, J., & Driedger, L. (2014). Multiculturalism. The Canadian Encyclopedia.

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca

Toronto population 2019. (n.d.). Canada Population. Retrieved February 14, 2020,  from

https://canadapopulation.org/toronto-population/

The world’s most diverse city. (n.d.). More or less — BBC Radio. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03v1r1p

Conclusion A

In conclusion, Toronto can definitely lead the world in terms of developing multiculturalism. The number of social services in Toronto for new immigrants is impressive and serves to make them feel welcome. The primary benefit is, without doubt, universal health care. All Canadians can access high quality health care at any time without having to pay. This system is paid for by all Canadian taxpayers. In this way, Toronto attracts people from all over the world.

Conclusion B

In summary, it is clear that the population of Toronto is extremely diverse. The details of this diversity – percentage of foreign-born population, number of nationalities, and languages spoken – give the city a strong claim to be the world’s most diverse city. In this era of mass global migration, Toronto stands out as an example of a multicultural society.

Conclusion C

This essay has shown that Toronto has a very international population. According to Harris (2016), of Toronto’s three million inhabitants, fifty percent were born outside of Canada. So, people have come to the city from all over the world, and there are people from over 230 nationalities living in Toronto. That means there are over 140 languages and dialects spoken in Toronto. For these reasons, Toronto is considered the most diverse city in the world.

Conclusion D

To summarize, population diversity is a very difficult concept to define and research. Surveying a population is the common research technique. However, there are no clearly defining categories for this type of research. For example, examining the percentage of foreign-born individuals is a crude measure and does not capture second- or third-generation immigrants. Alternatively, counting the number of nationalities is a flawed statistic because in large international cities it is possible to find someone from every country, so survey results might not produce a fair representation of the actual level of diversity. In the end, the percentage of inhabitants born abroad might be the best available metric.

Examples

Thesis statement: Hosting the Olympic Games can benefit a city’s development in terms of transportation, sport, and tourism.

Topic Titles  Write the topic of your essay in an engaging way.

The Olympic Games Develop Cities

Question Titles  Write the main question you hope your essay will answer.

Do the Olympic Games Promote Development?

Title: Subtitle  Many academic papers use a title and subtitle separated by a colon. The title should increase the readers interest and the subtitle should state the essay’s focus or position.

The Olympic Games: Three Main Areas of Urban Development

A title should not be longer than 12 words and should not be just one word.

Examples of Unacceptable Titles: Title / Homework / Report / Essay 1 / Olympic

Exercise 2: Examine the outline for the model essay in Chapter 5.

Write It!

Step 3: Create an Essay Outline

Exercise 3: Create an outline for your essay. Continue researching and thinking about your topic.