Appendix 4: APA Format for Reference List and In-Text Citations
Below are some examples using the American Psychological Association (APA) format.
1.Book
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In-text In his book describing brain plasticity, Doidge (2007, pp. 25-26) explains that “Paul Bach-y-Rita’s importance lies in his being the first of his generation of neuroscientists both to understand that the brain is plastic and to apply this knowledge in a practical way.” His work proved that the human brain is incredibly adaptable. |
Reference list Doidge, N. (2007). The brain that changes itself. Penguin. |
2. Website Article (author, date)
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In-text In 1998, a study published in the Lancet Journal claimed a link between the M. M. R. vaccine and autism in children. Although that study was soon discredited and withdrawn, many people continue to believe it (Hoffman, 2019). |
Reference list Hoffman, J. (2019, September 23). How anti-vaccine senti ments too hold in the United States. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/23/health/anti-vaccination-movement-us.html |
3. Website Article (no author, no date)
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In-text To promote the sale of electric cars, some auto manufacturers like Toyota are currently offering free charging at certain stations (“Finding,” n.d.). |
Reference list Finding a station has never been easier. (n.d.). Plaza Toyota. https://www.plazatoyota.com/electrified-vehicles.htm |
4. Non-English Newspaper Article
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In-text Kyoto University has reversed its decision to terminate its free public site Open Courseware (OCW) (Kimura, 2023). |
Reference list Kimura, Y. (2023, January 30). Kyoto daigaku no muryokogidogasaito “OCW” iji e Edekkusu kara wa tettai [Kyoto University will withdraw its free video lecture site “OCW” from edX]. Asahi Shimbun. https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASR1Y75JLR1KPLZB011.html |
5. Non-English Website Article
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In-text A 2003 report released by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare summarizes results of a national survey on weight management, stress, and diet. |
Reference list Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. (2003). Heisei 14-nen kokumin eiyo chosa kekka no gaiyo ni tsuite [Overview of the results of the 2002 National Nutrition Survey]. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/houdou/2003/12/h1224-4.html |
6. Academic Journal Article
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In-text 1-2 authors Gordon and Reich (2021) claim … (Gordon & Reich, 2021) 3 or more authors Yamamoto et al. (2019) argue that … (Yamamoto et al., 2019) |
Reference list Gordon, A., & Reich, M. R. (2021). The puzzle of vaccine hesitancy in Japan. The Journal of Japanese Studies, 47(2), 411-436. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/799776 Yamamoto, C., Kashiwagi, N., Otsuka, M., Sakai, M., & Tomonaga, M. (2019). Cooperation in bottlenose dolphins: Bidirectional coordination in a rope-pulling task. PeerJ 7:e7826. https://peerj.com/articles/7826/ |
For more information, see https://purdueglobalwriting.center/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/apa-common-citations-and-references-4.pdf
